1. Read the text and give its summary. Does it remind you of any place similar to that in Ukraine? the lake district

If you look at the map of England, you will see a number of lakes in the north-west corner. This is one of the most beautiful parts of England because, in addition to the lakes themselves, there are green valleys, wooden hills and waterfalls. As there are boating, bathing and fishing to be had, many people prefer the lakes to the seaside for a holiday. There are no big cities very near the lakes, but a number of small towns with hotels for visitors.

Those who want quieter places to stay at can usually find rooms in a village or a farmhouse.

Some people go to see the places where Wordsworth lived and worked some are satisfied with admiring the scenery, others climb the hills to get better views, and all try to see as much as they can in a short time. Perhaps they realize that the coun­try has much to offer that is not found in the cities, and even though they cannot make their homes in the Lake District, they can take away with them memories of its beauty.

Література: [7, с. 363 – 408; 1, с. 195].

Практичне заняття № 6

Тема. Місто. City

Мета: вивчити лексичні одиниці з теми «Місто». Обговорення теми.

Topical Vocabulary

In the city: museum, circus, gallery, theatre, cinema movies, hotel, information desk, shop restaurant, police station, bridge, city library, bank, saving office, market, car park, taxi stand,, road, bus stop, hospital, church, post office, traffic light, subway, tube, underground, roadway, crossing, crossroad, pavement, repair shop, shoe repair, hairdresser, barber, dry cleaning, laundry, Chemist’s, Drug Store, cemetery.

Sightseeing: attractions, dome, tower, palace, cathedral, stadium, monument, memorial, plaque, architectural ensemble, exhibition, fountain, schematic map, armoury, picture gallery, chapel, burial-vault, icon, bell-tower, environs, guide, to stretch along, to encircle, to go sightseeing, to see the sights, to show someone the sights of the city;

Asking the way: to get lost, at the end of the street, at the crossroads, round the corner, next to, to the right, at the corner of the street, at the bottom of, right here, down the street, up the street, to go straight along, in the direction, to turn to the right, to find one’s way, to lose one’s way, to ask one’s way, to show smb the way, Which way? This way, cross the street, to walk past, take the first turning on the right, go straight ahead, turn into…street, Could you tell me the way to…., how to get to, the nearest way to…, nearby, just round the corner, right on the corner, across the street.

To arrive in, to arrive at, to go by bus, to take/get on a bus, to get off the bus, request stop, exit door, full up, hold tight, traffic, traffic jam, to take (get, hire) a taxi, taxi is engaged, mind (watch for, be aware of) the doors, to land a helpful hand, be in difficulties.

1. Read and translate the following text: the world of the cities

By 1890, most of the lands of the west had been divided into farms and cattle ranches.

As a result, fewer pioneers headed west to homestead. In fact, many people left their farms to move into cities. By 1920, more than half of the American people lived in cities. For the first time in the history the United States had cities as large as Paris and London.

The flood of immigrants from Europe was one reason cities grew so fast. Another reason was that many Americans gave up their farms to move to cities. Farmers, like immigrants, hoped to make a better life in the cities…

Cities attracted people because they offered jobs. Newcomers worked in steel mills, meat-packing plants, and garment factories. They took jobs as sales clerks, waiters, barbers, bank tellers, and secretaries. Actors, singers, writers, and musicians found cities exciting place to live too.

As cities grew in the late 1800s, many took on similar shape. Poor people lived in downtown, in the oldest section of the city. Farther out, the middle class lived in neat row houses or new apartment buildings. Beyond them lived the rich. They had fine homes with big lawns and plenty of trees. There were exception to this pattern, but most cities held to it.

Poor families struggled to survive in crowded slums. Their apartments, called tenements, often had no windows, heat, or inside bathrooms. Sometimes, ten people slept together in one small room. Outbreaks of typhoid and cholera were common in slums.

Just beyond the slums stood the wellkept houses of the middle class. The middle class included doctors, lawyers, office workers, and skilled craft people. Their homes often had a patch of lawn and a tree or two. In these neighbourhoods, disease was kept under control.

Many middle class citizens joined clubs, singing societies, and charity groups.

The rich lived like European royalty. They filled their mansions with priceless art works and gave lavish parties.

People pouring into cities in the late 1800s created many problems. Cities did not have enough clean water for their booming populations. Crowded streets were littered with garbage. At night, unlighted streets became havens for pickpockets and thieves. Tenement buildings were death traps when fire broke out.

In the 1880a, city dwellers campaigned to improve city life. They forced city governments to hire engineers and architects, these experts designed new water systems. New York City, for example, dug underground tunnels 100 miles north to the Catskill Mountains. These tunnels brought millions of gallons of pure water to the city every day. Zoning laws passed in many cities put factories in different neighbourhoods from apartment buildings. This cut down air pollution where people lived.

Cities hired workers to collect garbage and sweep the streets. They set up professional fire companies and trained police. Many cities improved public transportation as well.

Streets lights were put in many cities. The first street lights used gas. Later, electric lights lit streets and avenues.

City planers like Frederick Law Olmsted found ways to get the most from space in the city. Olmsted planned Central Park in New York City in the 1850s. Others cities followed this example. They set up zoos and gardens to give city people a taste of the country.

The largest cities created symphony orchestras, companies and museums. Italian, German, Jews and other immigrants made up most of the musicians and opera singers in America. Wealthy people gave money to build museums and concerts halls.

For the poor the only help was from charity. Churches set up charity programs for the poor. They taught classes, organized team sports, and held dancing. These activities gave young people a chance to escape the drudgery of life in slums. Also they organized hospitals for people who could not afford to pay a doctor.

Література: [4, c. 363 - 368].