- •1 Курс (2 семестр)
- •Imperative
- •1. Use the Past Simple Active or the Past Simple passive instead of the infinitives in brackets.
- •2. Fill each of the gaps in the following sentences with an appropriate verb from the list. The verbs should be used in the passive.
- •3. Rewrite the following sentences using two passive forms, making the underlined words the subject. Omit the agent if it is not necessary.
- •4. Supply the appropriate form for the following imperative sentences.
- •5. Read the text. Make the literary translation of the text in writing.
- •International English
- •6. Make up questions to each paragraph of the text.
- •8. Use the right word from below.
- •9. Which of the following words are originally English and which come from other languages?
- •10. In the following sentences the is missing in one or more cases. Write in the where necessary.
- •Indirect Speech
- •1. Translate this text from Russian into English paying attention to the geographical names. Practice their pronunciation.
- •2. Change the following into indirect questions beginning with the words given.
- •3. Convert into indirect speech paying special attention to the verb must.
- •4. Complete the sentences by filling in the correct form of say, tell, or ask.
- •5. Rewrite each of the sentences in direct speech, as in the example.
- •6. Read the text. Make the literary translation of the text in writing. The British and American English
- •7. Make up questions to each paragraph of the text.
- •8. Change these sentences into British English.
- •10. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •1. Fill in each space in the following sentences with the correct preposition.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the correct preposition from the list below. _Learning is fun
- •3. In each item below one or two options may be possible to complete the sentences. Underline those that are possible.
- •4. Complete the dialogues by filling in must, mustn’t, can, can’t, needn’t or have to.
- •5. Underline the correct modal verb, then explain its use.
- •6. Fill in needn’t have/didn’t need to and the correct form of the verb in brackets to complete the sentences.
- •7. Fill in the correct question tags.
- •8. Read the text. Make the literary translation of the text in writing. Choice of a job
- •9. Make up questions to each paragraph of the text.
- •5. Fill in correct form of the verb in brackets (to –infinitive or –ing form), as in the examples.
- •6. Read the text. Make the literary translation of the text in writing. Communication modes
- •7. Give the Russian equivalents for the following word combinations from the text:
- •8. Make up questions to each paragraph of the text.
- •10. Fill in right words from the list below.
- •1. Fill in if or unless.
- •2. Complete the sentences using Type 0 or Type 1 conditionals.
- •3. Match the items in column a with those in column b to make sentences, as in the example.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •5. Complete these sentences to make appropriate Third Conditional or Mixed Conditional sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •6. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
- •7. Read the text. Make the literary translation of the text in writing. Computers concern you
- •8. Make up questions to each paragraph of the text.
- •10. Read the following extract. Choose the right word from the list below.
5. Fill in correct form of the verb in brackets (to –infinitive or –ing form), as in the examples.
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He goes to evening classes to learn (learn) Italian.
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Learning (learn) a Ianguage can help you to get a job.
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Oh no! I forgot _______(buy) eggs when I was at the supermarket.
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The government is determined __________(solve) some of the environmental problems facing the area.
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Dan prefers ____________(cook) at home to eating out.
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There’s no point in __________(buy) a computer if you are not going to use it.
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They have decided _________(decorate) the living room.
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The children love __________(go) to the swimming pool.
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I regret _________(tell) Alice what Sean had said.
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Hydroelectricity and wind turbines can be used __________(provide) environmentally friendly energy.
6. Read the text. Make the literary translation of the text in writing. Communication modes
The first major communication mode is the written word. In writing, the primary rule is to keep everything short and simple: the words. The sentences, and the ideas. It is never right to try to impress, it either appears patronizing or else just silly.
If everyone wrote the way they spoke, management reports would be brighter and probably clearer, even though they would sometimes be less polite or less grammatical and we all have too much read. If we can learn to read better, our lives become easier and our decisions potentially wiser, because our information will be more complete.
The other main communication mode is the spoken word. Most of us find little difficulty in talking to each other. It is only when talking becomes “speaking” that it becomes difficult. But speaking in public is unnecessarily feared.
Anyone can learn to speak at least adequately in public. To be a brilliant speaker is bigger problem. The best way of getting a message across in speech is to be natural; not to read a script, but to speak just from notes. “Thinking on the feel” is the recommended approach, but to speak without any notes at all is folly. A speaker must watch his audience – a thing no writer can do – and adjust the presentation of his message to the visible reactions of the audience.
It takes two to communicate. Just as a writer needs a reader, so does each speaker require a listener. We can all improve on our listening skills and the most important part of listening is to concentrate. Because the brain can work significantly faster then a person can speak, listening is conducive to mind-wandering. A wandering brain soon falls asleep. The recommended anti-sleep precaution is to summarize the speaker’s argument as he progresses, noting it down for future reference and formulating questions that you hope the speaker will eventually answer. As memory is often short-lived, and/or unreliable, a brief written note of any important message will pay dividends.
Visual communication for management does not have to be very artistic – the ability to rule a straight line will take you a long way. Most management illustrations are simple diagrams, but visual communication is not confined to pictures and graphs.
People themselves transmit visual messages the whole time, often unwittingly: our eyes widen, we lean forward – both signals denoting an increased interest. A good manager notices such signals and takes advantage of them. Other signals – to display confidence or well-being – can be deliberately adopted to create a desired impression.
Before initiating any communication, think. Determine the need, the recipient, the objective, and the content of each communication.