Grammatika_Kolmakova-Lazitskaya

1)

Oh, I .... remember to get some potatoes on the way home tonight.

2)

Jason ... see the headmaster during the next break. I wonder what it‟s

about?

3)

We ...... light lots of candles during the power cut two nights ago.

4)

I‟ll ..... start doing my Christmas cards soon. It‟s nearly December.

5)

Carl, you ... run into the street like that without looking first. It‟s dan-

gerous!

6)

People with solar-powered cars ....worry about the price of petrol.

7)

I wouldn‟t like to ... get up at five o'clock every morning.

8)

We ... do any washing-up after the picnic because we‟d used disposa-

ble plates and cutlery.

9)

Do professional musicians ... practise every day?

1) His lights are on so I‟m pretty sure Dan is at home.

as

Dan ..............

his lights are on.

2)

Susie‟s car‟s not here so she‟s almost certainly taking Dabber to the

vet. be

Susie ....................................

Dabber to the vet since her car‟s not here.

3)

There‟s no way that boy‟s Simon. He‟s much taller!

boy

That …………………………………………Simon. He‟s much taller!

4)

I‟m certain the Winners don‟t think we‟re coming tonight; we ar-

ranged it for next Tuesday. expecting

The Winners .....................

tonight; we arranged it for next Tuesday.

5)

I bet you were exhausted after such a long journey!

have

You ................................

exhausted after such a long journey!

6)

The only explanation is that Evan was on the phone to someone in

Australia!

talking

Evan ..............................................

on the phone to someone in Australia!

7)

There‟s no way Casey won the disco dancing competition – he‟s got

two left feet!

have

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Casey.........................

the disco dancing competition – he‟s got two left

feet!

8) I don‟t believe Helen‟s been trying to call us all day. The phone hasn‟t

rung once.

been

Helen

................................. to call us all day. The phone hasn‟t rung once.

sentence

meaning

I … have left my bag on the bus.

expressing certainty

In a few months, I‟ll be … to buy a car.

expressing future ability

I … drive when I was thirteen years

expressing past ability

old!

No, you ... have any more pocket

expressing refusing a request

money!

I think you ... consider a career in the

expressing giving advice

armed forces.

I … forget to phone Julie tonight!

expressing personal obligation

I … to have a filling at the dentist‟s.

expressing external obligation in

the past

You don‟t … to do Exercise D for

expressing a lack of obligation

homework.

You … have to work a lot harder if

expressing future obligation

you want to get a good report.

They … to arrive at about 8.

expressing probability

Sean … have got stuck in traffic.

expressing possibility

I … have worried so much about

expressing a lack of past obligation

Jan‟s present. She loved it!

A Must

C Should

B Would

D Could

A mustn‟t

C could‟t

B didn‟t have to

D hadn‟t to

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A can‟t

C mightn‟t

B won‟t

D shouldn‟t

A need

C ought

B must

D able

5) I hope we … find the cinema easily.

A could

C might

B may

D can

6) We couldn‟t find a hotel room so we … sleep in the car. It was awful!

A must

C had to

B should

D could

7) We‟d love to … afford to go on a round-the-world cruise.

A can

C will have to

B be able to

D have to

8) Fiona can‟t … about the meeting. I reminded her this morning!

A forget

C have forgotten

B be forgetting

D have been forgetting

9) She could ... in the garage when we came round, which would explain

why she didn‟t hear the bell.

A work

C have worked

B be working

D have been working

10) You‟ll … tell the police that your house was broken into.

A have to

C had to

B must

D should

1)

A

must

5)

A can

9)

A

ought to

B

would

B could

B

must

C

should

C might

C

have to

D

will have to

D may

D

can‟t

2)

A

can

6)

A mustn‟t

10)

A

able

B

could

B don‟t have to

B

must

C

would

C can‟t

C

have to

D

must

D shouldn‟t

D

allowed

3)

A

made

7)

A mustn‟t

11)

A

won‟t have to

B

forced

B couldn‟t

B

doesn‟t have to

86

C

allowed

C won‟t

C

mustn‟t

D

able

D mightn‟t

D

won‟t

4) A

should

8) A can‟t

1)2 A

must

B

would

B can

B

might

C

might

C would

C

has to

D

will

D have to

D

ought to

Tense / Verb

Active

Passive

Present Simple

They grow bananas in

Am / is / are + V3

tropical areas.

Bananas are grown in tropical

areas.

Present Continuous

They are redecorating

Am / is / are + being + V3

the café.

The café is being redecorated.

Present Perfect

Has anyone peeled the

have/has + been + V3

carrots?

Have the carrots been peeled?

Past Simple

They served the meal

was / were + V3

in an elegant dining

The meal was served in an

room.

elegant dining room.

Past Continuous

We asked for coffee

was / were + being + V3

while they were pre-

We asked for coffee while the

paring the bill.

bill was being prepared.

Past Perfect

Someone had eaten all

had + been + V3

the food by the time I

All the food had been eaten

got there.

by the time I got there.

Future Simple

We will deliver your

will + be + V3

pizza in forty minutes.

Your pizza will be delivered

in forty minutes.

be going to

Overweight customers

is / are going to + be + V3

are going to sue Burg-

Burgerland is going to be

erland.

sued by overweight custom-

ers.

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Future Perfect

They will have har-

will + have + been + V3

vested all the grapes

All the grapes will have been

by the end of Septem-

harvested by the end of Sep-

ber.

tember.

Modal

You should brush the

modal + be + V3

chicken breast with oil

The chicken breast should be

and then fry it.

brushed with oil and then

fried.

Modal + perfect in-

They should have de-

modal + have + been + V3

finitive

livered the groceries

The groceries should have

by now.

been delivered by now.

Gerund (-ing)

I don‟t like people tell-

being + V3

ing me what to do in

I don‟t like being told what to

the kitchen.

do in the kitchen.

Время / глагол

Пример употребления

Present Simple

Every Friday Joe has his car washed.

Каждую пятницу Джо моет свою машину. (моет не

сам, а отгоняет на мойку).

Present Continu-

I am having a swimming pool built now.

ous

Я сейчас строю бассейн. (группа рабочих занимается

этим, а не я самостоятельно)

to be going to

He is going to have his eyes tested.

Он собирается проверить зрение. (пойдет в больницу,

где его проверят окулисты)

Past Simple

I had the new dress made.

Я cшила новое платье. (cшили в ателье)

Where did you have your hair cut? – Где ты подстрига-

лась? (кто-то делал стрижку)

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Present Perfect

I haven’t had the film developed yet.

Я еще не проявил фотопленку. (не отнес ее на проявку

в фото-центр)

Past Continuous

They were having their new house decorated at that mo-

ment.

Они декорировали свой дом в тот момент. (группа ра-

бочих выполняла отделку, а не сами хозяева)

Future Simple

She will have her new book issued by Express Publishing.

Она выпустит свою новую книгу. (выпустит изда-

тельство, а не сам автор)

Future Continuous

I will be having my windows cleaned at that time.

В это время я буду мыть окна. (не сама, нанятые

мойщики)

Present Perfect

I have been having my sight tested for an hour already.

Continuous

Я уже час проверяю зрение. (не сам, а врач)

Past Perfect

I had had the fence painted by the end of the week.

К концу недели я покрасила забор. (наемные рабочие

красили)

Past Perfect Con-

They had been having the house tidied for an hour when I

tinuous

visited them.

В их доме убирались уже час, когда я к ним зашел.

модальные глаго-

We must have our washing machine repaired.

лы

Нам нужно починить стиральную машинку. (отдать

ее в ремонт)

Случаи употребления

Примеры

В страдательном залоге (Passive Voice) с глаголами

чувственного восприятия:

to hear

слышать

Bob was heard to laugh heartily.

to see

видеть

Было слышно, как искренне сме-

to watch

наблюдать /

ялся Боб.

смотреть

to feel

чувствовать

to observe

наблюдать

to notice

замечать и др.

обозначающими умственную дея-

Philip was supposed to be a young

тельность:

man without money.

to know

знать

Предполагали, что Филипп был

to think

думать

молодым человеком без средств к

to consider /

думать / пола-

существованию.

to believe /

гать

to suppose

to expect

ожидать

to imagine

представлять

to find

находить / узна-

вать

to trust

верить

to assume

допускать /

предполагать и

др.

to make

заставлять

Little Bob was made to put on

some warm clothes.

Маленького Боба заставили

надеть теплую одежду.

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в значении сообщения:

He is said to have been making the

to say

говорить

best cheese in the area for over thir-

to report

сообщать

ty years.

to state

утверждать

Говорят, он производит лучший

сыр в округе вот уже более 30

лет.

в действительном залоге (Active Voice) с глаголами

to seem

казаться

They are unlikely to come in time.

(по-видимому)

Они вряд ли придут вовремя.

to happen

случаться

(случается, слу-

The work proved to be useful.

чалось)

Работа оказалась полезной

to prove

доказывать

(= Работа, как оказалось, была

(оказывается,

полезной).

оказалось)

to be likely

вероятно

They seemed to have forgotten

to be unlikely

вряд ли

him.

to be sure /

быть

Они, казалось, забыли его.

to be certain

уверенным

(наверняка)

to turn out

оказываться

(оказалось) и др.