Grammatika_Kolmakova-Lazitskaya
.pdf3)If my best friend had won the lottery last summer, …..
4)If my parents ….
5)Everyone on board the Titanic ……..
6)Van Gogh ….
7)Madonna ……
8)If George Bush….
9)If Greece ……
7. Choose the correct answer.
If this theory about parallel universes 1) … correct, it 2) … that we‟re living in more than one universe at the same time. But if that 3) … true – if I was doing different things in different universes – 4) … about it. And if I 5) … about it, how could it be me doing these things? If I 6) … the lottery last year in a parallel universe, and decided to sail round the world, how is that “me”? It doesn‟t make sense! And another thing. If I do something, it 7) … consequences. For example, if I 8) … study, I might not pass my exams. I can‟t start thinking about different universes where the consequences are different. If I just 9) … about the universe I actually live in, them I‟m sure 10) … okay!
1) |
A |
will be |
C |
would have been |
|
B |
is |
D |
has been |
2) |
A |
has meant |
C |
had meant |
|
B |
meant |
D |
means |
3) |
A |
will be |
C |
were |
|
B |
was being |
D |
has been |
4) |
A |
I‟d know |
C |
I have know |
|
B |
I‟ll know |
D |
I know |
5) |
A |
wouldn‟t know |
C |
won‟t know |
|
B |
don‟t know |
D |
didn‟t know |
6) |
A |
had won |
C |
have won |
|
B |
was winning |
D |
win |
7) |
A |
would have |
C |
will have |
|
B |
would have had |
D |
had had |
8) |
A |
won‟t |
C |
don‟t |
|
B |
haven‟t |
D |
hadn‟t |
9) |
A |
think |
C |
am thinking |
|
B |
to think |
D |
have thought |
10) |
A |
I‟d be |
C |
I‟d have been |
|
B |
I‟ve been |
D |
I‟ll be |
|
|
|
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|
8. Complete using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1)If … (you / do) your homework last night, you‟d know the answer to this question!
2)We …… (not / stand) by the side of the road at the moment trying to get a lift if … (we / bring) a spare tyre with us.
3)If I … (not / stay up) so late last night, I …(not / feel) so tired this morning!
4)……… (I / be) in terrible trouble right now if you … (not / help) me.
5)If I had a video recorder, … (I/record) the match last night.
6)…… (I / ask) for Andy‟s phone number when I met him if I … (not / already / have) a boyfriend!
7)If Cody…(not / live) so far away, he… (not / be) so late to the barbecue yesterday.
8)Trace … (not / need) extra lessons last month if she … (be) as good at maths as you are.
9)…… (you / got) a job when you left school if the university … (not / offer) you a place?
10)If you … (have) as much money as she does, … (you / retire) by
now?
9. If a line is correct put a tick (). If there is an extra word in a line, write it out.
BEING AN ONLY CHILD
1. |
I‟m an only child. People often say to me: “Wouldn‟t you be a lot |
… |
2. |
happier if you have had brothers and sisters? But I don‟t see it like that. |
… |
3. |
It‟s true that if I had had a brother or sister, I would have someone closer |
… |
4. |
to my own age to talk to and play with at home, but I don‟t think that‟s |
… |
5. |
very important provided for you have close friends, which I do. If my |
… |
6. |
parents would had more children, they wouldn‟t be able to spend so much |
… |
7. |
time with me. And we have great fun together! Also, except if I had a |
… |
8. |
brother or sister, I‟d have it to share a bedroom with them. That might be |
… |
9. |
fun, but what would happen if I wanted to play my CDs and he or she had |
… |
10. |
to study? No – I don‟t want a brother or sister, unless it will happens, of |
… |
|
course. In that case, I‟ll think it‟s the best thing in the world! |
|
10. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1)I wish I … (can) give up smoking.
2)I wish I … (see) him at yesterday‟s party.
3)I wish I … (have) a seasonal ticket to the gym next winter.
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4)I wish I … (pass) my driving test last Monday.
5)I wish I … (not/forget) my friend‟s birthday yesterday.
6)The boy is sad. He wishes he … (not/break) the window.
7)She wishes she … (live) in Moscow.
8)She often wishes things … (be) different.
11. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1) A: I‟m going out in a minute.
B: So am I, so you‟d better … (take) your keys with you. 2) A: I didn‟t enjoy the concert much.
B: Nor did I! I would rather they … (play) more modern music.
3)A: Shall we go to that new restaurant this evening?
B: Good idea. We had better … (book) a table.
4)A: Shall I tidy your bedroom for you?
B: I‟d rather you … (not/tidy) it. I‟ll do it later.
5) A: Shall we go for a walk this afternoon?
B: No. I would prefer … (stay) here and read a book.
6)A: Did you enjoy the play last night?
B: No. I‟d rather … (go) to the cinema.
7)A: I‟d rather you … (not/make) so much noise. B: Sorry. I‟ll try to be quiet.
8)A: You had better … (work) hard at your new job. B: I will. I want to make a good impression.
9)A: Paul has bought Tania a present.
B: Yes, but we‟d better … (not/mention) it. It might be a surprise. 10) A: Did you enjoy the party last night?
B: Yes, but I would rather we … (stay) a little longer. 11) A: Shall we spend the evening together?
B: Well, actually, I‟d prefer … (spend) some time alone.
12)A: That meal was terrible. I‟d rather … (eat) at home. B: It was very expensive, too.
13)A: It‟s the company‟s office party tomorrow.
B: Yes. To be honest, I‟d rather … (not/go).
12. Match to make sentences.
1) |
Although ………. |
A |
of being a vegetarian, Aesop does |
|
|
|
occasionally eat fish. |
2) |
Despite ………. |
B |
does occasionally eat fish. |
3) |
Despite the ………. |
C |
Aesop does occasionally eat fish. |
4) |
Aesop is a vegetarian, |
D |
being a vegetarian, Aesop does oc- |
|
………. |
|
casionally eat fish. |
|
|
65 |
|
5) |
Despite his vegetarianism, |
E |
occasionally eat fish, however. |
|
………. |
|
|
6) |
In spite ………. |
F |
Aesop‟s a vegetarian, he does oc- |
|
|
|
casionally eat fish. |
7) |
Despite having ………. |
G |
been a vegetarian for years, Aesop |
|
|
|
does occasionally eat fish. |
8) |
Aesop is a vegetarian. |
H |
fact that Aesop is a vegetarian, he |
|
However, he ………. |
|
does occasionally eat fish. |
9) |
Aesop is a vegetarian. He |
I |
although he does occasionally eat |
|
does ………. |
|
fish. |
13. Complete using although, despite, however, while.
1)………. the storm, over ten thousand people took part in the marathon.
2)………. I wrote myself a note to remind me, I still forgot to call
George tonight.
3)Most Egyptologists believe that the Sphinx is about 4000 years old. Some geologists, ………., argue that it must be at least 14,000 years old.
4)………. having taken two aspirin, I had such a bad headache that I had to go home.
5)I‟ve never seen a UFO. ………. , that doesn‟t mean that I don‟t believe in them.
6)There are still two million people unemployed ………. the fact that we‟re in the middle of an economic boom.
7)………. no European country carries out capital punishment, it is widely used throughout the United States.
8)Technology has benefited humankind enormously. There are drawbacks with our reliance on technology, ………. .
9)I couldn‟t find my keys ………. searching for them everywhere.
14.**Translate into English.
1.Если ты выпьешь стакан молока перед сном, это поможет тебе расслабиться. 2. Если ты не можешь уснуть в течение получаса, вставай и почитай, например. 3. Если я попаду в пробку, я опоздаю на работу. 4. Если бы ты выполнял все предписания доктора, то избежал бы множества проблем, связанных со стрессом. 5. Если бы могли повернуть время вспять, мы бы не совершили эту чудовищную ошибку. 6. Если бы ты выпускался из школы в следующем году, ты бы поступил в ИРНИТУ? 7. Если бы тебе предложили обучение за рубежом, какой бы университет ты выбрал? 8. Если бы у тебя была возможность что-то изменить в системе образования, чтобы ты сделал? 9. Если ты будешь организовывать свое дело, какие ка-
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чества своих будущих сотрудников ты будешь считать приоритетными? 10. Если мне придется переделывать мою презентацию, я постараюсь учесть и исправить все свои ошибки и недочеты. 11. Если бы я знал значение всех слов, когда писал этот тест, я бы получил высший балл. 12. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет. 13. Жаль, что я не пришел на встречу вовремя. 14. Она сожалела, что не рассказала нам эту историю раньше. 15. Тебе лучше не опаздывать. 16. Я бы предпочел почитать книгу. 17. Я бы хотел, чтобы ты остался дома.
Тема 7. СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
(DEGREES OF COMPARISON)
В английском языке, как и в русском, прилагательные (качественные) образуют две степени сравнения: сравнительную и превосходную.
Степени сравнения образуются двумя способами.
1) АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИ (двусложные, многосложные прилагательные): с помощью дополнительных слов more – более и the most – наибо-
лее, самый.
Положительная |
Сравнительная |
Превосходная |
степень |
степень |
степень |
|
|
|
difficult – трудный |
more difficult – труднее |
the most difficult – |
beautiful – краси- |
more beautiful – красивее |
самый трудный |
вый |
|
the most beautiful – |
|
|
самый красивый |
|
|
|
2) СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИ (односложные прилагальные): посредством изменения самого прилагательного с помощью суффиксов –er и –est.
Положительная |
Сравнительная |
Превосходная |
степень |
степень |
степень |
|
|
|
dark – темный |
darker – темнее |
the darkest – самый тем- |
nice – милый |
nicer – милее |
ный |
large – большой |
larger – больше |
the nicest – самый милый |
|
|
the largest – наибольший |
Некоторые двусложные прилагательные и отдельные односложные образуют степени сравнения как синтетическим, так и аналитическим способом:
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clever – умный, |
cleverer; more clever |
cleverest; the most clever |
способный |
stupider; more stupid |
stupidest; the most stupid |
stupid – глупый, |
sincerer (реже); more |
sincerest; the most sincere |
тупой |
sincere |
|
sincere – искренний |
politer (редко); more po- |
politest (реже); most po- |
polite – вежливый |
lite |
lite |
remote – удаленный |
remoter (редко); more |
remotest (реже); most |
|
remote |
remote |
|
|
|
Некоторые прилагальные образуют степени сравнения путем полно- |
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го изменения лексико-грамматической формы: |
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|
|
|
|
good – хороший |
better – лучше |
the best – самый лучший |
little – маленький |
less – меньше |
the least – наименьший |
bad – плохой |
worse – хуже |
the worst – самый плохой, |
|
|
худший |
much – много |
more – более |
the most – наиболее, са- |
(с неисчисл.) |
|
мый |
many – многие |
|
|
(с исчисл.) |
|
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NB!
Most может употребляется с предлогом of перед существительным, обозначающим определенную группу предметов, лиц или количество чеголибо. Сочетание most of употребляется без артикля и означает «большинство (из), большая часть (из)». В этом случае существительное, к которому оно относится, имеет при себе определенный артикль, указательное или притяжательное местоимение.
Most of these books have been pub- |
Большая часть этих книг издана в |
lished in Moscow. |
Москве. |
Most of the students go in for sports. |
Большинство студентов занима- |
|
ется спортом. |
ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ, ИМЕЮЩИЕ ДВЕ ФОРМЫ СТЕПЕНЕЙ СРАВНЕНИЯ,
РАЗЛИЧАЮЩИЕСЯ ПО ЗНАЧЕНИЮ
Положительная |
Сравнительная |
Превосходная |
|
степень |
степень |
степень |
|
|
|
|
|
|
older – старше (о воз- |
the oldest – старейший |
|
old – старый |
расте) |
the eldest – самый стар- |
|
elder – старше в семье |
ший в семье |
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(о старшинстве) |
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near – близкий |
nearer – более близкий |
the nearest – ближайший |
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68 |
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(по расстоянию) |
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the next – следующий ( по |
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порядку) |
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later – более поздний (о |
the latest – самый поздний |
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времени) |
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late – поздний |
latter – последний из |
the last – самый последний |
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двух (по порядку) упо- |
(по порядку) |
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мянутых |
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farther – более дальний |
the farthest – самый даль- |
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far – далекий, |
(о расстоянии) |
ний |
|
further – более даль- |
the furthest – самый даль- |
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дальний |
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ний, дальнейший (по |
ний, далекий |
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порядку) |
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СПОСОБЫ УСИЛЕНИЯ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ И НАРЕЧИЙ
SUCH (в качестве прилагательного «ТАКОЙ, -АЯ, -ОЕ»)
such + прилагательное+ суще- |
I don’t like such naughty children. |
|
ствительное во множественном |
Я не люблю таких непослушных де- |
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числе |
тей. |
|
such + a/an + прилагательное + |
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существительное в единствен- |
She cooks such tasty dishes! |
|
ном числе |
Она готовит такие вкусные блюда! |
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such + a lot of + существитель- |
My brother is such an idiot! |
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ное |
Мой брат такой идиот! |
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such + a + оценочное существи- |
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тельное |
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SO (в качестве наречия «ТАК») |
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so + прилагательное |
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The film was so interesting, that I |
so + наречие so + few / many + |
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couldn’t turn away. |
исчисляемое существительное |
|
Фильм был такой интересный, что я |
во множественном числе |
|
не мог оторваться. |
so + little + неисчисляемое су- |
|
He is small, but runs so quickly! |
ществительное во множе- |
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Он маленький, но так быстро бегает! |
ственном числе |
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So, в отличие от such, сочетает- |
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ся только с прилагательными |
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без существительного или наре- |
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чиями: |
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69 |
Наречие so входит в состав мно- |
|
This building is not so high as that one. |
гих выражений: not so…as (не |
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Это здание не такое высокое как то. |
такой как), so often / so rarely |
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Why do you eat so many sweets? |
(так часто / так редко), so |
|
Почему ты ешь так много конфет? |
many / so much (так много), so |
|
We go to see our grandmother so rarely! |
few / so little (так мало) |
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Мы навещаем бабушку так редко! |
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Why did you put so much sugar into your |
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tea? |
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Почему ты положил столько сахара в |
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свой чай? |
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You have bought such a lot of fruit! |
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Ты купил так много фруктов! |
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TOO |
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Наречие too (слишком) упо- |
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It’s too warm for this season of the year. |
требляется перед прилагатель- |
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Слишком тепло для этого времени го- |
ными и наречиями, в том числе с |
|
да. |
наречиями меры и степени: |
|
He runs too quickly. |
many / much и little, образуя |
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|
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Он бегает слишком быстро. |
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словосочетание too many, too |
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Too часто используется с другими |
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much, too little. |
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He knows too much about you. |
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Он знает слишком много о вас. |
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It is too little to take a decision. |
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Этого слишком мало, чтобы прини- |
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мать решение. |
ENOUGH
Наречие enough (достаточно) употребляется:
после прилагательного и наречия |
He wasn’t good enough. |
|
Он не был достаточно хорош. |
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I didn’t do well enough. |
|
Я не достаточно преуспел. |
перед существительным |
I don’t have enough money. |
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У меня недостаточно денег / Мне не |
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хватает денег. |
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перед артиклем the и указатель- |
Are there enough of the copies I made |
ными местоимениями this, that, |
for everybody? |
these, those |
Достаточно ли копий я сделал для |
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всех? |
|
I’ve had enough of this rubbish. |
|
У меня было достаточно этого му- |
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сора. |
|
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перед объектными местоимени- Were enough of them there last night?
ями (enough of) Их было достаточно там прошлой ночью?
1. Complete using the comparative form of the adjectives in capitals.
1)Your brother is much … (TALL) than mine.
2)This island used to be much … (GREEN) before the forest
fires.
3)Slow down! You‟re … (FIT) than me and I can‟t keep up!
4)Veronica seems … (HAPPY) since she moved schools.
5)It‟s actually … (TRENDY) to wear your hair up this year.
6)As the time for the performance got nearer, I got … (NERVOUS).
7)Old people are often ... (WISE) than young people.
8)Why don‟t you try and find a … (CHEAP) computer game and save some money?
9)Matt seems to have got even … (LAZY) than he used to be and almost never studies.
10)If the problem gets any … (SERIOUS), we may need to inform the manager about it.
11)If you work … (QUICKLY), you‟ll finish sooner and then you can go home earlier.
12)Ben says he‟s feeling much … (WELL) after his illness.
13) I have even … (LITTLE) free time this year than I did last
year.
14)The news was much … (BAD) than anyone had feared.
15)You‟ll need to be able to run … (FAR) than this if you‟re going to do the marathon.
2. Complete using the superlative forms of the adjectives in capitals.
1)I think Mohammed Ali was the … (GREAT) boxer that ever lived.
2)It was the … (BORING) film I had ever seen.
3) Our teacher told |
us that the student with the … (HIGH) mark |
would get a prize. |
|
4)Ginger is one of the … (LUCKY) cats alive – he‟s been hit by a car three times and has never been hurt!
5)Out of all the students in my music school, I practice … (OFTEN).
6)The Pacific is the … (DEEP) ocean in the world.
7)That‟s the … (UGLY) fish I‟ve ever seen!
8)I was ill before the exam and I did … (BADLY) out of the whole class.
9)The … (FAR) I‟ve run in one day is about ten kilometres.
10)Don‟t you think this would be the … (LOVELY) spot for a picnic?
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11)But that‟s the … (CRAZY) idea I‟ve ever heard!
12)I asked the assistant to show me the … (MODERN) phone they had.
13)I told the manager that it was the … (BAD) hotel I had ever stayed in.
14)Who do you think is the … (LITTLE) talented actor to win an Oscar?
15)Out of all the members of the choir, Jason sang … (WELL).
3. Choose the correct word.
FILM REVIEW
“Crime Does Pay”, the (1) later / latest comedy from director Sam Martin, has to be one of the (2) little / least interesting films I have ever seen. The acting is terrible and the story is much (3) worse / worst than Martin‟s other flop, “Escape”. “Crime Does Pay” was apparently (4) more / most expensive than any other film this year, but it‟s hard to see where the money went. The plot concerns a gang of burglars who decide to steal the (5) more / most valuable painting in the world. Fine, except these criminals are far (6) less / least amusing than they should be.There isn‟t a single real laugh in the whole movie. When I saw it, even (7) younger / youngest members of the audience thought it was stupidly childish. Dean Richards, playing Scarnose, does a slightly (8) better / best job than the others, but there isn‟t much in it. When will Hollywood realise that as ticket prices get (9) higher / highest, more people are finding that the (10) well / best form of entertainment is to spend an evening at home with a DVD?
4. *Complete each second sentence using the word given, so it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1) |
I have never read a better book than this one. |
ever |
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This is the……………..read. |
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2) |
Nobody has ever been this far into the jungle. |
the |
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This is……………..has ever been into the jungle. |
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3) |
I have never worked so hard in my whole life. |
ever |
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It was the……………..in my whole life. |
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4) |
Liam is the tallest boy in the class. |
than |
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Every other boy in the class……………..Liam. |
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5)This is the nicest beach along this part of the coast. than
This……………..the others along this part of the coast.
6)I read that Mount Everest is the highest mountain. no
I read that……………..Mount Everest.
7) Has anyone ever been this far north before? the
Is……………..has ever been?
8) The painting Ed did is the ugliest one you can imagine. than
You can‟t imagine……………..the one Ed did.
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