- •Грамматический справочник, материалы к контрольным работам и зачетам
- •Английские предлоги, соответствующие падежным окончаниям существительного в русском языке
- •Словосочетания
- •Лексические и грамматические ресурсы понимания предложения без словаря.
- •1.Интернациональная лексика.
- •2.Формальные признаки частей речи.(артикли, окончания, суффиксы, предлоги)
- •3.Порядок слов в английском предложении.
- •Простое распространенное предложение
- •Типы сказуемых
- •Модуль 2
- •Видовременные формы глагола
- •(Verb) Кто
- •(Уже час)
- •0, -S, -es; ed (2ф) -ed (3ф)
- •Сложноподчиненное предложение
- •Модуль 3 Неличные формы глагола Причастие и герундий
- •Функции в предложении
- •Способы перевода Причастия I и II в зависимости от их функций в предложении.
- •Способы перевода Герундия в зависимости от его функции в предложении
- •Инфинитив
- •Способы перевода инфинитива
- •Complex subject
- •Complex object
- •1) I want him to show us the places of interest of this city.
- •Часть II
- •Обратите внимание на значение следующих слов – сигналов.
- •5. Слова – сигналы
- •In addition (to) moreover
- •Тексты для практики перевода.
- •Settlement of claims
- •Контрольная работа 1 what is law?
- •1.Просмотрите текст и найдите эквиваленты к следующим интернациональным словам.
- •2.Найдите соответствия английских и русских словосочетаний.
- •3.Переведите словосочетания с английского на русский язык.
- •4.Переведите словосочетания с глаголами.
- •5.Вставьте пропущенные слова в предложения.
- •What is Law? Social morality, rules and laws
- •6. Переведите текст What is law? и изложите на русском языке его краткое содержание (не более 200 слов).
- •2.Найдите соответствия английских и русских словосочетаний.
- •3.Переведите словосочетания с английского на русский язык.
- •4.Переведите словосочетания с глаголами.
- •5.Вставьте пропущенные слова в предложения.
- •6.Прочитайте текст и графически изобразите иерархию судов в Великобритании. Legal systems Historical and political background
- •Judicial precedent
- •Stare decisis (the standing of decisions)
- •1. The House of Lords
- •2. The Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
- •3. The Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
- •4. The Divisional Courts of the High Court
- •5. The High Court
- •6. The inferior courts
- •Continental systems
- •7. Переведите текст Legal Systems и изложите на русском языке его краткое содержание (не более 200 слов). Задания к зачету 2
- •Справочный материал по грамматике английского языка и практикум
- •1. Местоимение (The Pronoun).
- •2. Неопределённые местоимения some и any, отрицательное местоимение no.
- •3. Неопределённые местоимения и наречия, производные от some, any, no, every.
- •4. Степени сравнения наречий и прилагательных (Degrees of comparison of adverbs and adjectives)
- •5. Спряжение глагола to be.
- •6. Оборот there is/are.
- •7. Настоящее время (Present tenses).
- •8. Вопросы: общие, специальные, альтернативные разделительные.
- •9. Прошедшее время (Past Tenses)
- •10. Будущее время (Future Tenses)
- •11. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
- •12. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •13. Косвенная речь (Indirect Speech) Утверждения
- •Приказания, команды, просьбы
- •Специальные вопросы
- •Общие и альтернативные вопросы
- •Изменение времён глагола в косвенной речи
- •Изменение модальных глаголов при переводе их в косвенную речь
- •Изменение обстоятельства времени, места и некоторых указательных местоимений при переводе прямой речи в косвенную
- •14. Ing-формы и ed-формы
- •Ing-формы
- •15. Модальные глаголы (Modal verbs)
- •May (might)
- •16. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива
- •Предикативные инфинитивные обороты
- •17. Сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive mood)
- •В придаточных предложениях времени и условия
- •Условные предложения первого типа
- •Model: I wish I knew him. – It’s pity I don’t know him.
- •Приложение 1 Список неправильных глаголов
- •Приложение 2 Суффиксы Признак существительных
- •Отвлечённые понятия
- •Признак прилагательных
- •Признак наречий
- •Признак глаголов
- •Префиксы
3.Переведите словосочетания с английского на русский язык.
Two main sources
Judicial precedent
Subsidiary sources
All interested parties
Dishonestly appropriate property
Firmly established
The highest appeal court
Lower criminal courts
The civil divisional courts
Judge – made law
Multi-ethnic empires
Corrupt and biased judgments
To apply new egalitarian social theories to the law
To exaggerate similarities
Separation of the legislature and judiciary
4.Переведите словосочетания с глаголами.
to be accused of breaking the law
to be brought before the court
to pass a law
to be presumed to know the law
to make a similar decision in a court case
to be reversed by the Higher Court
to be bound by decision
to have been suggested in court
to be established
must be followed
to challenge the constitutional legality
to adopt some ideas
to have a stronger influence
to break with previous case law
to be originated in the state
5.Вставьте пропущенные слова в предложения.
Firmly established
Judge- made
Binding
Legislation and judicial precedent
Overrule
Ignorance
Case law
Breaking the law
Passed a law
Decisions
In English law the law comes from two main sources, ______ (Acts of Parliament) and _________ (the decisions of judges), and from subsidiary sources such as custom and books of authority.
If a person is accused of _____, it is essential that all interested parties know the source of the law.
Parliament _____ in l968 (the Theft Act) which makes it a crime for a person to "dishonestly appropriate property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it.”
There is a maxim in law "that _____of the law is no excuse," which means that everyone is presumed to know the law.
Judicial precedent, or _____ as it is often called, is the source of a large part of common law and equity.
The law is ______ in that when a judge makes a decision in a court case on a particular aspect of law, other judges may be bound to follow this decision in subsequent cases.
. Once the law has been established, the example or the precedent is _____on other judges, who must make a similar decision in cases concerning this aspect of law.
The doctrine of judicial precedent became _____ by the late nineteenth century, although a system of precedent existed for hundreds of years before that.
The court is bound by _____ from the House of Lords and, although it has been suggested in court that the position should be otherwise, the court is bound by its own previous decisions.
When there are two previous conflicting decisions, the court may choose which decision is correct and _____the other decision.
6.Прочитайте текст и графически изобразите иерархию судов в Великобритании. Legal systems Historical and political background
In order to understand why a particular country has a particular legal system, it is necessary to look at its history, political structure and social values. When there is political and social upheaval, one of the main concerns of a new government is to revise the legal system. Britain has had an unusual degree of political continuity. Despite civil wars in the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries and enormous social changes associated with industrialization, England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago.
There are two main traditions of law in the world. One is based on English Common law, and has been adopted by many Commonwealth countries and most of the United States. The other tradition, sometimes known as Continental, or Roman law, has developed in most of continental Europe, Latin America and many countries in Asia and Africa which have been strongly influenced by Europe.
Where does the law come from? Where does it start? Who makes it? In English law the law comes from two main sources, legislation (Acts of Parliament) and judicial precedent (the decisions of judges), and from subsidiary sources such as custom and books of authority.
If a person is accused of breaking the law, it is essential that all interested parties know the source of the law. For example, if a person takes goods out of a supermarket without paying, the shopkeeper, the police, the judge and the shopper will need to know the law that applies if the shopper is to be brought before the court. This particular offence arises from legislation. Parliament passed a law in l968 (the Theft Act) which makes it a crime for a person to "dishonestly appropriate property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it.”
There is a maxim in law "that ignorance of the law is no excuse," which means that everyone is presumed to know the law. Obviously no single person knows all the law of the land.
Even judges, barristers and solicitors have to look up the law, but because of their training they know where the law originated and are able to go to the source.
The details of the different sources of law are as follows: