При подготовке к контрольной работе рекомендуется использовать следующие учебники и учебные пособия:
1. Л.Н. Андрианова, Н.Ю.Багрова, Э.В.Ершова. Курс английского языка для вечерних и технических вузов. 5-изд., перераб. и доп. - М.:Высш. шк., 2001.
2. Т. Ю. Полякова, Е. В. Синявская, О. И. Тынкова, Э. С. Улановская. Английский язык для инженеров. 5-изд.— М.: Высш. шк., 2000 и т.д.
3. Т.М. Жималенкова, Н.А. Мыльцева. Универсальный справочник по грамматике английского языка. — М.: Глосса, 1997.
4. Англо-русский политехнический словарь. /Под редакцией А.Е.Чернухина. — М.: Русский язык, 1979.
5.Большой англо-русский словарь по английскому языку.
/ Под редакцией И.Р.Гальперина. — М.: Русский язык, 1987.
Cоставитель: Грицай И.П.
Вариант №3
ЗАДАНИЕ № 1 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
Even native speakers sometimes make __________ in English..
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
errors |
b) |
faults |
c) |
mistakes |
d) |
miscalculations |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 2 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
We investigated your business __________ thoroughly.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
envelope |
b) |
supply |
c) |
proposal |
d) |
invitation |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 3 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
In an interlinked global economy __________ are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
consumers |
b) |
demands |
c) |
requirements |
d) |
suppliers |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 4 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
_______ is an unfinished document, e.g. an e-mail or send later.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
password |
b) |
copy |
c) |
draft |
d) |
command |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 5 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
We bought __________ yesterday.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
a lot of fruits |
b) |
a lot of fruit |
c) |
much fruits |
d) |
fruits |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 6 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
Yesterday he cut __________ with a knife.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
himself |
b) |
his |
c) |
him |
d) |
he |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 7 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
I am not a bad student, __________?
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
aren’t I |
b) |
I am |
c) |
am not I |
d) |
I aren’t |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 8 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
He said, “__________ make noise!’
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
Not |
b) |
Don’t to |
c) |
Don’t |
d) |
Not to |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 9 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
They returned from the wood __________ sunset.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
on |
b) |
at |
c) |
in |
d) |
to |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 10 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
This is a photograph of our friends, __________ we went on holidays with. .
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
which |
b) |
who |
c) |
whose |
d) |
those |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 11 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
George, is it true that you __________ married next week?
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
will get |
b) |
get |
c) |
are getting |
d) |
got |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 12 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
What __________ at this time yesterday?
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
did you do |
b) |
had you done |
c) |
have you done |
d) |
were you doing |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 13 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
When you come to my place tomorrow, I __________ in the garden.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
‘ll work |
b) |
work |
c) |
‘ll be working |
d) |
would work |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 14 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
The work __________ by six o’clock yesterday.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
was finished |
b) |
was being finished |
c) |
finished |
d) |
had been finished |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 15 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Hostess: "You must have a look at my garden!"
Guest: "____________________"
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
May be another time. |
b) |
I don’t like walking in the garden. |
c) |
With great pleasure |
d) |
I’m afraid it’s out of question. |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 16 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Boss: «Would you please take a message?»
Secretary: "________________"
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
Not at all |
b) |
It sounds like fun. With great pleasure. |
c) |
You are welcome |
d) |
I hate taking messages |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 17 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Teacher: "I’d like to invite you to the conference."
Student: " __________’
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
Maybe an other time. |
b) |
That sounds like fun. |
c) |
I’d be delighted. |
d) |
It’s out of question. |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 18 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Air hostess: “__________”
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
Put that cigarette out! |
b) |
Smoking is strictly forbidden |
c) |
I’m sorry but you can’t smoke here! |
d) |
No smoking! |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 19 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
British Parliament consist of __________
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
the cabinet and the Prime Minister |
b) |
the House of Commons and the House of Lords |
c) |
the Supreme Court and the Congress |
d) |
the Senate and the House of Representatives |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 20 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
In the 1812 the first Russian settlement appeared on the American continent. It’s name is __________.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
the White house |
b) |
Buckingham palace |
c) |
Fort Ross |
d) |
The Grand Canyon |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 21 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
According to the Constitution __________ is recognized as a queen of Canada.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
Margaret Thatcher |
b) |
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom |
c) |
The Prime Minister of Canada |
d) |
the Vice-President of the USA |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 22 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск
What is there in the middle of Trafalgar Square?
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
Big Ben |
b) |
the Nelson column |
c) |
the National Gallery |
d) |
Buckingham palace |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 23 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Benjamin Franklin was an owner of a printing company.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
ложным |
b) |
истинным |
c) |
в тексте нет информации |
|
|
ЗАДАНИЕ № 24 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Benjamin Franklin was a selebrate economist.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
ложным |
b) |
истинным |
c) |
в тексте нет информации |
|
|
ЗАДАНИЕ № 25 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”
Определите, является ли утверждение
Benjamin Franklin has an outstanding sense of humor.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
ложным |
b) |
истинным |
c) |
в тексте нет информации |
|
|
ЗАДАНИЕ № 26 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”
Определите, является ли утверждение
He had got a very large family.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
ложным |
b) |
истинным |
c) |
в тексте нет информации |
|
|
ЗАДАНИЕ № 27 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Franklin’s discoveries were highly appreciated.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
1 |
b) |
2 |
c) |
3 |
4) |
4 |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 28 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
B. Franklin had to earn his living since his childhood..
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
a) |
1 |
b) |
2 |
c) |
3 |
d) |
4 |
ЗАДАНИЕ № 29 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”
Ответьте на вопрос.
Who was Poor Richard?
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ
a)Poor Richard was a man who wrote for a newspaper. b)He was a personage created be Franklin.
c) He was an editor of Poor Richard’s Almanack. d) He was Franklin’s brother.
ЗАДАНИЕ № 30 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Benjamin Franklin
1 Self-educated and self-made, Benjamin Franklin led a rich and active life that nearly spanned the eighteenth century. Universally recognized as a superb diplomat and celebrated wit, Franklin was also a scientist, a musician, a philosopher, and the inventor of, among other things, the glass harmonica, the “Franklin” stove, and bifocal glasses.
2 Born the son of a Boston tallow marker, Franklin became at the age of twelve a printer’s apprentice to his brother, who had just bought back a press from England. Under the pen name of Silence Dogood , Franklin wrote a number of satiric pieces for his brother’s newspaper, the New England Courant. At the age of seventeen, he headed for Philadelphia, where he acquired his own printing shop. In 1730, he created a character who came to be known as Poor Richard, and Poor Richard’s Almanack continued for the next twenty-five years. Both Silence Doogood and Poor Richard were ancestors of a long and popular line of humorous philosophers, including Mark Twain and Will Rogers.
3 The growth of his printing company and some wise investments enabled Franklin to retire when he was forty-four and devote his time to inventions and scientific experiments. His findings established him as the leading scientist of the Western Hemisphere and caused his election to the exclusive Royal Society.
It was only natural that a man of Franklin’s talents should be sought out for public office. The Pennsylvania legislature sent him to London in 1757 to present Pennsylvania in its disputes with mother country. Between 1768 and 1770 three more of the colonies asked Franklin to represent them, and he quickly became the chief spokesman for the colonies as a whole. By 1775 he had given up his once strong hope for reconciliation with England and returned to America where he was elected to the Second Continental Congress. He was appointed to the committee to frame the Declaration of Independence.
4 In 1776 he sailed to France to obtain military assistance for the colonies. His quick wit and worldly wisdom made him extremely popular there, and he secured the support of both France and Spain and eventually helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), by which England recognized American independence. While abroad, he wrote The Autobiography, which explains the regimen of self-education that he so rigorously pursued.
Although he was old and ill when he returned to America in 1785, he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) and continued his work with many humanitarian and scientific societies. It has been said of Franklin, “In the adolescence of America, he was the representative American.”