9. Определите True или False, пользуясь информацией упражнения VIII.

10. Прочитайте информацию о модальных глаголах need to, have to, must, be + essential, critical и выполните упражнение.

Note how we describe requirements for particular jobs:

1. You need to be able to emphasize with the person at the other end of the phone.

2. IT managers have to take responsibility for budgets.

3. You must be interested in your subject.

4. You must have worked for at least two years in systems analysis.

5. Experience with mainframes is essential/critical.

We can describe things which are not requirements like this:

6. You don't need to have a degree in computing science.

We can also treat need as a modal verb and use the negative form needn't:

7. You needn't have a degree in computing science.

Have to is an ordinary verb. Its negative form is made in the usual way:

8. You don't have to bean expert in everything.

Mustn't has a quite different meaning. It means it is important not to do something. It is used for warnings, rules and strong advice. For example:

9. You mustn't make unauthorised copies of software.

1. Technical qualifications …to be renewed at intervals to

ensure they do not go out of date.

2. You …become an expert in too narrow a field.

3. You …to have good communication skills to become an IT Manager.

4. You be an expert in hardware to become a programmer.

5. You have worked with IBM mainframes for at least two years.

6. You …be able to show leadership.

7. You have a degree but it be in computing science.

8. You …to have experience in JavaScript.

9. You …be able to use C++.

10. These days you…study BASIC.

11. Прочитайте информацию в help box и заполните пропуски предлогами for, since, ago, until:

Dear Mr Scott,

I am writing to apply for the position of Senior Programmer, which was advertised on 28th March in The Times.

I graduated in May 2002 and did a work placement with British Gas as part of my degree. Before taking my present job I worked for a year with NCR. I stayed in this job (1) ……………..March 2004.

(2)……….the last three years I have been working as a software engineer for Intelligent Software. I have designed four programs in COBOL for commercial use, and (3)………..January I have been writing programs in C for use in large retail chains. These have been very successful and we have won several new contracts in the UK and Europe on the strength of my team's success.

Two years (4)……..I spent three months in Spain testing our programs and also made several visits to Italy, so I have a basic knowledge of Spanish and Italian. I now feel ready for more responsibility and more challenging work, and would welcome the opportunity to learn about a new industry.

I enclose my curriculum vitae. I will be available for an interview at any time.

I look forward to hearing from you.

for, since, ago, until

• We use for to refer to a period of time.

I've lived in Liverpool for five years.

• We use since to refer to a point in time.

I've been unemployed since May 2005.

• We use ago with the past simple to say when something happened. We put ago after the time period.

I got married five years ago.

• We use until to mean up to a certain time. I stayed at high school until I was 18.