- •Часть 1 (1 семестр)
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •Introduction to Economics
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •2. Match the words having opposite meanings.
- •3. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
- •4. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
- •3. Give the best definition for the following economic terms.
- •5. Give profound answers to the following questions.
- •1. What do these words refer to in the text?
- •2. Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with the following concepts.
- •V. Speaking
- •VI. Writing
- •Factors of Production
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •Factors of Production.
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Match the following nouns with their definitions.
- •1. Match the words having similar meanings.
- •2. Match the words having opposite meanings.
- •3. Complete: choose the key concept that best completes the sentence.
- •5. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
- •6. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •7. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false):
- •3. Give the best definition for the following economic terms.
- •Give profound answers to the following questions:
- •1. What do these words refer to in the text?
- •2. Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with the following concepts.
- •V. Speaking
- •Giving your opinion
- •Discussion
- •Simulation
- •VI. Writing
- •Unit 3 Economic Systems. Market and Market Economy
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •Types of Economies. Market and Market Economy
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Match the words having similar meanings.
- •3. Form antonyms to the following words by means of prefixes or suffixes. Use a dictionary to make sure you are right.
- •1. Which of the words and phrases below are associated with the following: 1) the concept of the market, 2) the concept of traditional economy?
- •3. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences:
- •4. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations:
- •5.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false):
- •3. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations.
- •5. Comment on the following sentences in economic sense.
- •7. Give profound answers to the following questions.
- •3.Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with the following concepts.
- •V. Speaking
- •International Economic Summit
- •VI. Writing
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •Supply, Demand and Price
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Match the words having similar meanings.
- •2. Match the words having opposite meanings.
- •Word Fields
- •Complete: choose the proper word from the box to complete the following sentences.
- •2. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
- •3. Say what the following economic terms mean.
- •5. Comment on the following sentence from the point of view of the laws of supply and demand.
- •7. Complete the following sentences.
- •2 Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with the following concepts.
- •V. Speaking
- •Raising Sales
- •VI. Writing
- •Unit 5. Marketing and Marketing Techniques. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility.
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •1. Discuss your answers to the following questions.
- •II. Background Reading
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Match the words having similar meanings.
- •1. Which of the words and phrases below are associated with the following: 1) a “Marketing Mix”, 2) business crimes?
- •3. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
- •4. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
- •3. Give the best definition for each of these economic terms.
- •5. Give profound answers to the following questions.
- •1. What do these words refer to in the text?
- •V. Speaking
- •Introducing a New Product
- •VI. Writing
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Match the words having similar meanings.
- •Word Fields
- •3. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
- •4. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
- •3. Give the best definition for the following economic terms.
- •5. Give profound answers to the following questions.
- •1. What do these words refer to in the text?
- •2. Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with the following concepts.
- •V. Speaking
- •Discussion
- •The Debate
- •VI. Writing
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •Employment and Unemployment
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Match the following nouns with their definitions.
- •1. Match the words having similar meanings.
- •1. Which of the words and phrases below are associated with unemployment?
- •2. Which of the words below can make word partnerships with the word economic?
- •3.Complete: choose the words from the box that best complete the following sentences. Not all the words will be used.
- •4. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
- •5. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •7. Comment on the following sentences.
- •8. Give profound answers to the following questions.
- •1. What do these words refer to in the text?
- •2. Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with the following concepts.
- •VI. Writing
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •Finance. Financial System.
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Match the words having similar meanings.
- •1. Cross out the verb in column a that cannot be used with the corresponding noun in column b.
- •4. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
- •5. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
- •3. Give the best definition for each of these economic terms.
- •5. Give profound answers to the following questions.
- •1. What do these words refer to in the text?
- •2. Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with the following concepts.
- •V. Speaking
- •VI. Writing
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •3. Match the following word partnerships as they appear in the text.
- •4. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •3. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
- •4. Give the best definition for the following economic terms.
- •7. Give profound answers to the following questions.
- •VI. Writing
- •I. Anticipating the Issue
- •II. Background Reading
- •Inflation
- •III. Vocabulary Reinforcement
- •1. Which of the words and phrases below are associated with the measures of inflation?
- •2. Find the words and phrases in the text associated with high inflation.
- •2. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
- •3. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
- •4. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
- •2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
- •3. Illustrate the consequences of high inflation using the information from the text.
- •4. Give the best definition for the following economic terms.
- •6. Explain the relationship between the terms in each of these pairs.
- •1. What do these words refer to in the text?
- •2. Find the paragraphs of the text dealing with.
- •A. Giving your opinion
- •The Effects of Inflation in the 1970s
- •How inflation affected the u.S. Economy
- •Inflation.
- •Explain how the effects of inflation might be offset by increases in output and employment.
- •Why might a small decrease in a large rate of inflation satisfy government economists but upset consumers?
- •VI. Writing
3. Complete: use appropriate information from the text to finish the following sentences.
Marginal analysis is the decision made … .
Fixed cost includes such things as… .
Variable costs are production costs that … . For example, … .
The profit-maximising quantity of input is reached when … .
When a business knows its total costs, it … .
Businesses use two key measures … .
Businesses find their marginal value by … .
4. Translate: give the English equivalents for the following word combinations.
Издержки производства; постоянные затраты (издержки); переменные затраты; предельные затраты; полная себестоимость; накладные затраты; приносить прибыль; приносить убыток; порог (точка) рентабельности; работать сверхурочно; быть уволенным; маржинальный анализ (анализ по предельным показателям); работать эффективно; покрывать расходы; максимизация прибыли; процентные платежи по долгам и аренде; снижающаяся ценность средств производства.
5. Translate the following sentences into English.
Главная цель деятельности любой фирмы в рыночных условиях - максимизация прибыли.
При выпуске продукции одни издержки фирмы носят постоянный характер, другие - переменный. Постоянные издержки - это затраты на содержание зданий, аренду земли, амортизацию, оплату обслуживающего персонала, страхование, рекламу, платежи за кредит и т. д. Переменные издержки - это издержки, которые изменяются в зависимости от увеличения или уменьшения объема производства. К переменным издержкам относятся затраты на сырье, электроэнергию, оплату труда и т. п.
Категория предельных издержек имеет важное значение, поскольку позволяет показать те издержки, которые придется понести фирме в случае производства еще одной единицы продукции или сэкономить в случае сокращения производства на эту единицу.
Крупнейший производитель грузовых машин в мире сокращает производственные издержки за счет закрытия предприятий и увольнения сотрудников.
Чтобы получать прибыль, фирма должна производить такое количество продукта и иметь такой объем деятельности, которые превышали бы величину, соответствующую точке рентабельности. Если же эти показатели ниже показателя, соответствующего этой точке, деятельность становится убыточной.
IV. Reading
A. Reading for the Main Idea
Read the text to understand the main idea of it and answer the following questions.
1.What should a business do to operate efficiently?
2. Why are many stores doing their business on the Internet nowadays?
3. Do you share the opinion that inputs affect production? Why / Why not?
B. Reading for Details
Read the text again to understand details and try the following tasks.
1. Understanding Expressions: give the best explanation for each of these phrases used in the text.
To generate profit; to yield a product; to be laid-off; extra benefit; marginal analysis; average price; to affect production; profit-maximizing quantity of input.
2. According to the text, mark these statements t (true) or f (false).
The goal of every business is to make profit.
Fixed cost includes such things as interest payments on debts, rents, the cost of the electric power, etc.
The sum of all fixed costs and variable costs is the total cost.
Businesses find that the variable cost is the most useful measure of cost.
Many stores are doing businesses on the Internet because it has low fixed costs.
Marginal analysis is the decision made by examining extra costs and extra labour.
The break-even point is the total product the business needs to sell in order to cover its costs.
If marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue, profits will begin to rise.
When the profit-maximizing quantity of input is reached, it means that the firm has reached its greatest total profit.
10.As long as marginal cost is higher than marginal revenue, the business can continue to increase its variable inputs.