2. Translate paying attention to the meaning of the word “one”:

1. The idea of automation is one of the most important ideas for modern industry.

2. He knew that no one could help him.

3. Our old laboratory equipment was much worse than the new one.

4. Due to radioactive elements one can measure the thickness of various materials.

5. One should always inspect the machine tool before he turns it on.

6. One cannot read such technical papers without a dictionary.

7. The new power stations are much more powerful than the old ones.

8. One must know that these rays produce a harmful effect on man.

9. One should always be careful when one operates this machine tool.

10. One can easily regulate the speed of this machine.

3. Choose the right translation of the modal verbs.

1. You may use the new devices for your research.

2. The solar batteries must heat and light homes.

3. They could visit this new automation shop.

а) должны; b) можете; с) могли; d) сможете

4. Replace the words in brackets by the equivalents of modal verbs.

1. You (должны) to replace this old lathe.

2. In future we (сможем) to use solar energy more effectively.

3. They (было разрешено) to test the machine tool.

4. The students (смогли) to make the experiment.

a) were allowed; b) will be able; c) have; d) were able; e) were

5. Replace the equivalents by the modal verbs.

1. They are allowed to replace the old equipment.

2. They have to replace the old equipment.

3. They were able to replace the old equipment.

a) must; b) could; c) may; d) might

6. Translate.

1. Who can translate this sentence?

2. You can go to Leningrad by train or by airplane.

3. Could you speak English a year ago?

4. I hope they will be able to reach the village before it is dark.

5. You may go away now, I shall finish the work myself.

6. Every engineer must know at least one foreign language.

7. Your son must stay in bed because he is still ill.

8. You should take a taxi if you don't want to be late for the concert.

9. Students are not allowed to smoke in the classrooms.

10. He was not allowed to enter the concert hall after the third bell.

11. As he received a bad mark, he had to go over the material again.

12. We were to meet at the station at six.

13. He was to stay at the office until the report was ready.

14. You will have to repeat the material of the lectures before the examination.

15. We were to send his letter of recommendation by air mail.

16. You should try to find out all the essential facts connected with his work in the Antarctic.

17. The team of experts is to study the present situation in the country.

18. Do you know the student who is to make a report at our next meeting?

19. You should influence your friend. He is not studying the way he should.

20. All the students of our group should be present at the meeting.

7. Translate the sentences paying attention to the different meanings of the verbs to be and to have.

1. Mathematics is of great importance for engineers. Every technical student is to study it for some years.

2. The accuracy of these automatic machines is very high. These machines are to replace the old equipment of our shop.

3. Atom is a great force. It is to serve mankind.

4. The students are not at the laboratory. They are to be at the laboratory at 6 o'clock.

5. Due to the Sun people have immense supplies of energy. We. have to build special solar stations to convert solar energy into electrical one.

6. He had much work. He had to work hard to improve his project.

7. As these machines will have a device which is necessary for automatic measurements and inspection, the workers will use these machines in their work.

8. Physicists have a great many of very important problems. They have to place the atom completely at the service of man.

Learn the vocabulary.

Accuracy n – точность Machine tool n – станок Main a – главный Mount v – помещать, устанавливать Multipurpose a – многоцелевой Outline n – очертание, конфигурация Part n – деталь Precise a – точный Produce v – производить Similar a – подобный Steel n – сталь Switch v – переключать Thread v – делать нарезку резьбы Tool n – резец Turn n – точить Workshop n – цех

Alloy n – сплав Condition n – условие Cut (cut) v – резать Direct v – управлять Drill v – сверлить Equip v – оснащать Fast a – быстрый Flexible а – гибкий Handle v – управлять Hard а – твердый Hold (held) v – держать House v – вмещать Improve v – улучшать Increase v – увеличивать Lathe n – токарный станок

Read and translate the text.