Recommended Literature on the topic:

12. Соколова М.А., К.П. Гинтовт, И.С. Тихонова, Р.М. Тихонова. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. – М.: Владос, 1996. – 285 с.; Соколова М.А., К.П. Гинтовт, Л.А. Кантер и др. Практическая фонетика английского языка. – М.: Владос, 1997. – 384 с.; Leonteva S.F. A Theoretical Course of English Phonetics. – M.: Vyshaya Shkola, 1980. – 271 p.; Babiychuk L.V., Bekhta I.A. Lecture Notes on the English Phonetics. – Lviv: Aral, 2008. – 106 p. Pike, Kenneth L. (1943). Phonetics: A critical analysis of phonetic theory and a technic for the practical description of sounds. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Ladefoged, Peter (1996). Elements of Acoustic Phonetics (2nd ed.). The University of Chicago Press, Ltd. London; Stevens, Kenneth (2000). Acoustic Phonetics (Current Studies in Linguistics). The MIT Press, New Ed edition;

13. Fant, Gunnar. (1960). Acoustic theory of speech production, with calculations based on X-ray studies of Russian articulations. Description and analysis of contemporary standard Russian (No. 2). Gravenhage: Mouton. (2nd ed. published in 1970); Jakobson, Roman; Fant, Gunnar; & Halle, Morris. (1952). Preliminaries to speech analysis: The distinctive features and their correlates. MIT acoustics laboratory technical report (No. 13). Cambridge, MA: MIT.; Johnson, Keith. (2003). Acoustic and auditory phonetics (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.; Liberman, A.M. (1957). "Some results of research on speech perception". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 29(1): 117–123.; Warren, R.M. (1970). "Restoration of missing speech sounds". Science 167: 392–393.; Garnes, S., Bond, Z.S. (1976). "The relationship between acoustic information and semantic expectation". Phonologica 1976: 285-293.; Massaro, D.W. (1989). "Testing between the TRACE Model and the Fuzzy Logical Model of Speech perception". Cognitive Psychology 21: 398–421.

Workshop on lecture 4

The classification of speech sounds

The English Vowels

Talking points:

1. What are the principles of vowels classification?

2. How are vowels classified according to the movement of the bulk of the tongue?

3. What do you know about the principle of lip participation and the degree of tenseness in the articulation of vowels?

4. How are vowels classified according to their tenseness and length?

5. What is the difference between the checked and the unchecked vowels?

6. What do you know about the stability of articulation in vowel production?

7. What are the differences in the articulation bases of English and Ukrainian vowel system?

Vowel phonemes. Description of principal variants

Exercises

1. Transcribe these words. Read them. Observe positional length of the vowel / i:/:

(a) see, we, tree, be, me, he, fee;

(b) seem, read, clean, seen, deal, people, easily;

(c) cheep, sweep, chief, treat, least, creek, week.

2. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

in, ill, big, wings, pit, elicit, cliffs, spring, thing, sick, wrist, silly, building, England, backing, bushes, guineas, lovely, minutes, going, dishes, begins, college, women, commit, mercy, Britain, window, symptoms, holiday, interested, excited, anything, hesitate, privilege, criticism, initiate, medicine.

3. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

bed, said, help, tell, yet, head, tennis, weather, member, letter, dressed, setter, helping, anyway, envied, pleasure, friendly, dressing, desolate, separate, hesitate, myself, remember, Endeavour, hotel, instead, forget, eleven.

4. Transcribe these words. Read and transcribe them.

glad, bad, plan, can, swan, blank, drank, act, sat, fancy, gladly, shallow, added, anxious, badly, traffic, happen, Daddy,, sadness, began, exactly, imagine, vocabulary, programme, sandwiches, manufactures, balcony, sacrifice.

5. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

are, bar, far, oar, arm, ask, card, past, farm, half, part, large, Prance, grass, dark, guard, park, start, smart, last, hard, mask, dancing, basking, laughing, rather, hardly, harbour, answer, artist, father, basket, classes, articles, archangel, departure, enlarge, at last.

6. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

on, nod, was, rod, want, gone, job, hot, long, song, bother, bonnet, doctor, model, hostel, honest, nodded, body, offer, Holland, rooky, solid, cannot, occupy, cottages, prosperous, geometry, following, holiday, wasn't seen off.

7. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

more, drew, a11, call, bore, thought, horse, talk, sort, bought, George, shore, always, forward, water, walking, morning, before, also, exports, importance, awfully, audience, orchestra, altogether, of course, forty-four.

8. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

good, room, would, cook, foot, took, put, soot, shook, looked, bushes, manufactures, wooden, couldn't, wouldn't, woodland, restful, woman, put out, put on, good-bye, naturally, recapitulate, carefully.

9. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

flue, zoo, too, who, two, use, you, few, true, food, soon, school, youth, more, rule, huge, knew, usually, absolutely, pneumonia, moving, avenue, humour, beautiful, review, ruined, suicide, value, regular, pupils, human, assumed, constitution.

10. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

one, run, fun, shut, bus, much, ton, young, other, summer, brother, mother, another, currents, chuckle, worry, hundred, nothing, money, funny, lovely, country, compass, must, just, trouble, wonderful, wonderland, instructor, introduction, meaning.

11. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

were, heard, word, workers, thirty, stir, turned, turning, Burton, her, years, girls, birds, work, turkey, curtain first, world, worse, Sherlock, certainly, worth, dirt, perfect.

12. Transcribe these words. Read and translate them.

again, along, about, across, obey, upon, forget, surprise, cigarette, Piccadilly, confess, perhaps, suppose, condition, percent, herself, to please, to stop, the song, to do, to fish, the girls, permanent, probably, finally, wonderland, woodland, decorate, glimmering, Manchester, desolate, recognize, traveller, balcony.