2. Listen to the text “Toner-based printers” and try to understand it.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the Xerographic principle mean?

2. What is the most common type of toner-based printer?

3. What varieties of laser printers are available on the market?

4. What does LED printer use to cause toner adhesion to the print drum?

5. What hazardous agents do the laser printers emit?

4. Read these statements and answer if they are true or false?

1. The most common type of toner-based printer is the ink-jet printer.

2. Laser printers are known for high quality prints, good print speed, and a low (Black and White) cost-per-copy.

3. Laser printers are the most common for many general-purpose office applications.

4. Recent research has also indicated that laser printers do not emit potentially dangerous ultrafine particles.

5. The degree of particle emissions does not vary with age, model and design of each laser printer.

V. Communicative skills

Topic for discussion: What developments would you introduce into printers? (Use additional materials).

Додаток 1

ТЕКСТИ ДЛЯ АУДІЮВАННЯ

Computer

A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.

The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20^th century. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers. Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space. Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers, in various forms, are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to control other devices — for example they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital cameras, and children's toys.

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators.

Any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.

A laptop computer

A laptop computer or laptop (also notebook computer, notebook and notepad) is a small mobile computer, typically weighing 3 to 12 pounds (1.4 to 5.4 kg), although older laptops may weigh more.

Laptops usually run on a single main battery or from an external AC/DC adapter that charges the battery while it also supplies power to the computer itself, even in the event of a power failure. This very powerful main battery should not be confused with the much smaller battery nearly all computers use to run the real-time clock and backup BIOS configuration into the CMOS memory when the computer is without power.

Laptops contain components that are similar to their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions, but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption, although typically less powerful for the same price. Laptops usually have liquid crystal displays and most of them use different memory modules for their random access memory (RAM). In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external keyboard or mouse can usually be attached.

The main advantage of a laptop computer versus a desktop computer is its mobility as well as its reduced size. On the other hand, the price is generally higher for slightly less impressive performance and the laptop's hardware configuration is much less adaptable, even though it is possible to connect additional external peripherals thanks to its numerous I/O ports.