IV. Give your definition of the following:

A judge is a person who …

An investigator is a person who …

A lawyer is a person who …

A defender is a person who …

A prosecutor is a person who …

Task V. Find in the text above a) Participle I b) Participle I,

c) Gerund, d) Infinitive. Underline and mark them.

Task VI. Use Infinitives or Gerund:

1. Arrest is made as a result of (to observe, observing) a law violation.

2. After (to hear, hearing) the evidence the magistrate may find no basis for the charges and dismiss them or present the case to the trial court.

3. Mobility has given people the opportunity (to commit, com­mitting) crimes far away from home.

4. The court ruled that an officer may lawfully search a person in the course of (to make, making) an arrest.

5. According to law, the police must bring a suspect before a mag­istrate within the period of time between 48 and 72 hours, during which time the interrogation takes place mostly with the aim (to obtain, obtaining) confession.

6. Although a person under arrest has a right (to refuse, refusing) to answer questions, the arresting officer may lawfully search the person arrested and find some incriminating evidence.

7. Since objects seized in the course of an illegal search are inad­missible as evidence in courts, the importance of strict obser­vance by the arresting officer of the limitations on his power (to arrest, arresting) without warrant is obvious.

Task VII. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH:

1. To know everything is to know nothing.

2. The problem to be solved is of great international importance.

3. In order to begin prosecution it is necessary to have evidence establishing the fact of committing a crime.

4. The criminal waited for the judge to commit a sentence.

5. The juvenile is reported to have committed a crime.

6. While making the report the speaker told us some interesting facts.

7. Having examined the causes of the crime the court sentenced the criminal to imprisonment.

8. Having been investigated the case was committed to the court.

9. The hearing of the case being over? The judge closed the trial.

10. The student knowing English well, the examination did not last long.

Task VIII. Fill in a proper modal verb:

1. --… I take the document?

---No, you …

2. --… you work as a detective?

---Not yet.

3. The trial … to be open at 10 o'clock.

4. She believes that the judge … discharge him.

5. You … tell him that we need his assistance.

6. The investigator was very tired and he … to stop the cross-examination.

7. The witness … answer the barrister's questions during the cross examination.

8. He… to explain all the difficulties in the case to the accused.

Task IX. Read the text and do the following tasks:

1. Give a title to the text.

2. Divide the text into logical parts and give titles to them.

3. Think of 1-2 questions on each part of the text.

4. Give the content of the text in English in a summary form.

Great Britain is a monarchy, but the Queen of Great Brit­ain is not absolute, but constitutional. Her powers are limited by Parliament. But the power is hereditary, and not elective.

The power of the monopolists over the Parliamentary gov­ernment in Britain is achieved in three main ways: by direct representation in Parliament by businessmen and by politicians supporting businessmen; by direct influence over the Cabinet, the supreme organ of the British Government which controls Parliament; and by initiation, control and amendment of legislation in which they are interested.

The bodies of government in the United Kingdom are: those of the legislature, which consists of the Queen in Parlia­ment and is the supreme authority of the country; those of the executive and those of the judiciary.

The executive bodies consist of the Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown who are responsible for directing na­tional policy; government departments, who are responsible for administration at the national level; local authorities who administer and control many services at the local level; and statutory boards, who are responsible for the operation of par­ticular nationalized industries or public services. The highest judicial body in the English judicial system is the House of Lords.

The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party that has a majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister usually takes policy decisions with the agreement of his Cabinet (a committee of leading Ministers). Each new Prime Minister may make changes in the size of his Cabinet and may create new ministries or make other changes. The Prime Minister holds Cabinet meetings at his (her) house at number 10 Down­ing Street, which is very near the Houses of Parliament in Westminster.

Вариант 3

task I. Read the text Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice. Translate paragraphs 1-3 in writing.

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice consists of several departments: General Investigation Division, Special Investigation Division, Identification Division, Domestic Intelligence Division, Laboratory Division, Domestic Intelligence Division, Files and Communications Division, Training Division, Administrative Division, Inspection Division, Jurisdiction. There is some information about them.

1. General Investigation Division. The FBI, formally called the Bureau

of Investigation, was created primarily to handle criminal investigations for the Department of Jus­tice. The FBI responsibilities continue to grow each year.

The FBI handles over 180 different investigations including Federal criminal violations, internal security matters and civil inquiries in which the Government has an interest.

Since 1945, over 95 percent of the cases investigated by its agents which came before the courts have resulted in convictions.

2. Special Investigation Division. Organized crime is a lawless empire involved in gambling, nar­cotics, prostitution, extortion, etc. where easy money can be made. For years organized crime operated behind a nearly impenetrable wall built on fear, intimidation, bribery, and force.

Squads of highly trained FBI Agents are devoting their full efforts to bringing the crime lords to justice. The objective is to collect sufficient evidence to build a strong prosecutive case so gang leaders can be brought to justice swiftly. Cooperation is vital in the fight against or­ganized crime. The FBI works closely with state and local enforcement agencies. This Division also supervises investigations under the Security of Government Employees programme. Fugitive investigations often involve a great deal of manpower. In addition to FBI fugitives, this Division directs the efforts of FBI Agents to locate and apprehend escaped Federal prisoners, deserters from the Armed Forces.

3. Identification Division. The largest collection of fingerprints in the world is maintained in the Identification Division of the FBI. A dangerous fugitive, wanted in one state, may be located through fingerprint identification after his ar­rest on a minor charge under a different name by a police agency in another state. Fingerprints often are the only means of identifying vic­tims of various crimes.

4. Domestic Intelligence Division. The FBI fights against all elements which pose a threat to the se­curity of the people in the United States, to the Nation's security.

5. Crime Records Division. The personnel of the Crime Records Department has the task of carefully studying the information on crime poured into the Head­quarters from the FBI's field officer, local police agencies and other sources.

6. Inspection Division . The staff is composed of experienced, competent men who peri­odically review, inspect the total work performance of each field office and the headquarters staff. The inspections have as their goal the im­provement of management and investigative practices.

7. Jurisdiction. Following are the matters within the FBI jurisdiction"):Anti-Racketeering; Atomic Energy Act; Bank Robbery and Embezzlement Bankruptcy; Bribery; Espionage; Extortion; Fraud Against the Government; Internal Security; Theft of Government Property, etc.

Task II. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:

Федеральное Бюро Расследования; имеет дело с; нарушение федеральных законов; вопросы внутренней безопасности; привести к осуждению; организованная преступность; основанная на страхе, запугивании, взяточничестве и силе; азартные игры, проституция, вымогательство; отряды высококвалифицированных агентов ФБР; собрать достаточно улик; выстроить сильное обвинение; привлечь к суду; бороться против организованной пре­ступности; местные правоприменительные органы; осу­ществлять надзор за расследованием; расследование дел о беглецах; обнаружить местонахождение и задержать убе­жавших из тюрьмы заключенных, наркотики.

Task III. Give Russian equivalents:

fingerprints, identification, a charge, the means, victim, crime existence, scientific examinations, to solve crimes, defendant, convict, innocent, suspect, to commit a crime, federal criminal violation; civil inquirer; have resulted in convictions; operated behind a nearly impenetrable wall; are devoting their full efforts to bringing the crime lords to justice; to build a strong prosecutive case; which pose a threat.

Task IV. Give your definition of the following words:

A thieve is a person who …

A murderer is a person who …

An assassin is a person who …

A shoplifter is a person who …

A drug dealer is a person who …

Task V. Find in the text above a) Participle I b) Participle I,

c) Gerund, d) Infinitive. Underline and mark them.

Task VI. Use Infinitives or Gerund:

1. Arrest is made as a result of (to observe, observing) a law violation.

2. After (to hear, hearing) the evidence the magistrate may find no basis for the charges and dismiss them or present the case to the trial court.

3. Mobility has given people the opportunity (to commit, com­mitting) crimes far away from home.

4. The court ruled that an officer may lawfully search a person in the course of (to make, making) an arrest.

5. According to law, the police must bring a suspect before a mag­istrate within the period of time between 48 and 72 hours, during which time the interrogation takes place mostly with the aim (to obtain, obtaining) confession.

6. As a person under arrest has a right (to refuse, refusing) to answer questions, the arresting officer may lawfully search the person arrested and find some incriminating evidence.

7. Since objects seized in the course of an illegal search are inad­missible as evidence in courts, the importance of strict obser­vance by the arresting officer of the limitations on his power (to arrest, arresting) without warrant is obvious.

Task VII. Translate into English:

1. To know everything is to know nothing.

2. The problem to be solved is of great international importance.

3. In order to begin prosecution it is necessary to have evidence establishing the fact of committing a crime.

4. The criminal waited for the judge to commit a sentence.

5. The juvenile is reported to have committed a crime.

6. While making the report the speaker told us some interesting facts.

7. Having examined the causes of the crime the court sentenced the criminal to imprisonment.

8. Having been investigated the case was committed to the couret.

9. The hearing of the case being over? The judge closed the trial.

10. The student knowing English well, the examination did not last long.

Task VIII. Fill in a proper modal verb:

1. --… I take the document?

---No, you …

2. -- … you work as a detective?

---Not yet.

3. The trial … to be open at 10 o'clock.

5. She believes that the judge … discharge him.

6. You … tell him that we need his assistance.

7. The investigator was very tired and he … to stop the cross-examination.

8. The witness … answer the barrister's questions during the cross examination.

9. He … to explain all the difficulties in the case to the accused.

Task IX. Read the text and do the following tasks:

1. Give a title to the text.

2. Divide the text into logical parts and give titles to them

3.Think of 1-2 questions on each part of the text.

4. Give the content of the text in English in a summary form.

The basic responsibility of the police is to tight crime, maintain or­der, and provide miscellaneous services to the public. Patrol remains the basic manner in which police services are delivered to the public.

Criminal investigation is the most glamorous aspect of policing. Most police officers regard detective work as «real» police work. Detec­tive work has a specific mission: apprehending the offender. The quality of work can also be measured in terms of the number of arrests. This contrasts sharply with patrol duly, which largely involves peace-keeping. Good detectives are believed to be able to solve most crimes, so the citizen-victim becomes angry when the police fail to solve the crime he or she suffered from.

The process of investigating a crime involves several different steps performed by at least three different units within the police department:

patrol officers, detectives, criminalistics technicians. The two major stages of the investigation process are the preliminary investigation and the follow-up investigation.

The preliminary investigation is normally the responsibility of the patrol officer who is the first to arrive at the scene of the crime. The five major responsibilities include:

1) arresting any suspect or suspects;

2) providing aid to any victims;

3) securing the crime scene to prevent loss of evidence;

4) collecting all relevant physical evidence;

5) preparing a preliminary report.

Once the responding officer has completed the preliminary in­vestigation, the case is assigned to the detective bureau for the follow-up investigation. In all but the smallest departments, the detective unit is separate from the patrol unit. The smallest departments have no sepa­rate detective unit. Medium-sized departments have a separate detective unit but detectives handle all types of crime here. Larger departments specialize according to a type of crime (e.g., crimes against person, crimes against property).

Technical specialists in investigation are normally located in a separate administrative unit. They are available upon request to assist detectives in the follow-up investigation. Only the larger police depart­ments are able to maintain their own criminalistics specialists.

The follow-up investigation includes the following steps:

1) interrogation of suspect or suspects, if arrested at the scene of the crime;

2) interview of witnesses;

3) search of the crime scene for physical evidence;

4) modus operand! review to determine, if the crime is similar to others under investigation or resembles crimes committed by known suspects;

5) development of additional information from informants, con­tacts, official records, etc.;

6) preparation of reports.

To obtain information about suspected criminal activity, the police make use of informants. Persons who are either criminals themselves or who associate with criminals are extremely valuable sources of informa­tion. Police officers seek to develop a list of informants.