Professional development and journalism education

Professional development of journalists can take many forms. Very often young entrants to the profession combine practical journalism with __1__ . But university journalism education presupposes __2__ of three to four years of study following by the Bachelor of Arts degree. In order to keep pace with the rapidly changing technologies and to meet the requirements of the modern life __3__ is organised by many educational institutions. It may include __4__ hands-on courses covering the fundamentals of journalism and public relations or __5__ which usually includes intensive classes from one afternoon sessions to one-week workshops. Targeted or __6__ may focus on advanced techniques (investigative and computer assisted reporting), new technology (web publishing or blogging) or special subjects (the environment, HIV/AIDS, human trafficking). __7__ may be available for journalists from different countries. Among the best-known programs of exchange is the Fulbright awards. One of the up-to-date training schemes which has become very popular recently is signing up for different __8__ . The greatest benefit of this form of training is that people study on-line and can get a certificate in Media Law, Newspaper Law, Newspaper Reporting, etc. without leaving home or work.

mid-career professional training, long-term, part-time study, distance learning courses, short-term training, fellowship and exchange programs, full-time courses, specialised training

GRAMMAR FILE

Passive Voice Revision

to be + past participle (pp)

Passive Voice construction is used when the action itself is more important than the person who carries it out, as in news headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices, instructions, advertisements, etc.

Note: the passive is used more often in written English than in spoken English.

Grammar tense	Example
Present Simple	am/ is/ are + pp He is educated to become a journalist at the courses twice a week.
Present Continuous	am/ is/ are being + pp He is being educated to become a journalist now.
Present Perfect Simple	have/ has been + pp He has already been educated to become a journalist.
Past Simple	was/ were + pp He was educated to become a journalist in the early nineties.
Past Continuous	was/ were being + pp He was being educated to become a journalist when I first met him.
Future Simple	will be + pp He will be educated to become a journalist after graduating from school.
Future Perfect Simple	will have been + pp He will have been educated as a journalist by the time he graduates from the university.
Present Infinitive	(to) be + pp He needs to be educated as a journalist if he wants to be promoted.
Modals	modal be + pp He can be educated as a journalist if he enters School of Communication.

Task 1

Read the text. Find the Passive Voice constructions and translate them into Russian.