39. Listen and repeat.

Don, cod, cot, pot, fox, spots.

40. Read these examples of the sound / ɒ /.

want	rob	doll	sausage	stop
lock	rock	dog	what	wash
got	gone	dock	quality	quarrel
fond	God	lot	because	quantity
wrong	got	hot	spot	watch

41. Listen to the sound / ɔ: / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this long vowel sound.

The back of the tongue is raised still higher towards the soft palate than in pronouncing the English / ɒ /. The English / ɔ: / is more retracted and close than the English / ɒ /. The mouth is less open and the lips are more rounded than for / ɒ /.

42. Listen and repeat.

Dawn, cord, caught, port, forks, sports.

43. Read these examples of the sound / ɔ:/.

short	bored	war	before	door	salt
walk	bought	wall	Paul	court	daughter
four	call	fort	laundry	thought	draw
ball	cause	quarter	chalk	sport	awful
bore	caught	fault	auto	course	straw

44. Listen to the sounds / ɒ / and / ɔ: / in contrast and repeat.

Don-Dawn pot-port

cod-cord fox-forks

cot-caught spots-sports

45. Read the contrasted sounds / ɒ / and / ɔ: /. Transcribe the words.

shod - shored pot – port

lot – lord cod - cord

wad - ward not - north

Poll - Paul fog - forth

46. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / ɔ: / and / ɒ /.

2. Laura’s daughter bought a horse and called it Laura.

3. It’s wrong to lock a dog.

4. He got wrong quality sausage and quarreled because of that.

5. Do not walk on the lawn.

6. The shawl is in the automobile.

7. Can you draw a horse?

8. The ball has fallen over the wall.

9. When it is warm in autumn I often sit in the orchard.

10. Paul’s audience applauded warmly.

11. I thought Shaw was the author.

47. Listen to the dialogue (Sound Right 26.1). Intone it. Learn and reproduce it, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sounds / ɔ: / and / ɒ /.

26.1

- I've bought a dog, Polly.

- What sort of dog, Paul?

- Oh, just an ordinary dog, Polly.

- What’s it called?

- Oh, it’s got just an ordinary name.

- Is it called Spot?

- No – it’s called… Polly.

48. Learn the following graphical rules:

• Vowel / ɔ: / is represented in spelling by:

  1. “oor”, “our”, “oar” (door, your, board)

  2. “or” /third syllable-type/ (port)

  3. “a” followed by “ll” or “l” + consonant (all, salt, talk)

  4. “au”, “aw” (autumn, law)

  5. “ough”, “augh” + “t” (ought, thought, taught)

  6. “war” (war, warm), “quar” (quarter)

Irregular Readings: our, flour, sour, poor

• Vowel / ɒ / is represented in spelling by:

  1. The letter “o” in closed stressed syllables (not)

  2. The digraph “wa” (was), EXCEPT: water / ɔ: /, “wha” (what) / ɒ /

  3. “qua” (quality), EXCEPT: quarter, /kw ɔ:/ quarrel

Rare Spellings: because, sausage, cough, knowledge

49. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

/ ɔ: /

9. All for one and one for all.

10. It never rains but it pours.

11. Trust me not at all or all in all.

12. All roses have thorns.

/ ɒ /

1. Honesty is the best policy.

2. A little pot is soon hot.

3. Be slow to promise and quick to perform.

4. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

50. Learn the following tongue twisters:

/ ɔ: /

1. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought,

I wouldn't have thought so much.

2. I saw a saw that could outsaw any other saw I ever saw.

3. If a white chalk chalks on a black blackboard,

Will a black chalk chalk on a white blackboard?

/ ɒ /

When a doctor falls ill another doctor doctors the doctor.

Does the doctor doctoring the doctor

doctor the doctor in his own way,

or does the doctor doctoring the doctor

doctor the doctor in the doctor's way?

T he vowel sounds /u:/ and / υ /.

I. Listen to the sound / υ /. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this short vowel sound.

The whole blade of the tongue is in the back part of the mouth. The back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate. It is raised higher and towards a more front part of the soft palate than in pronouncing the English / ɔ:/, therefore the sound /υ/ is defined as more advanced and more close than /ɔ:/. The tip of the tongue is retracted from the lower teeth. The lips are rounded about the same amount as for / ɔ:/ but the mouth is not so open.