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I

3.4. Запомните слова и выражения.

woody stem

древесный ствол

tip

верх, верхушка

bud

почка

terminal bud

верхушечная почка

lateral bud

боковая почка

bud scale

почечная чешуя

longitudinal section

продольное сечение

outer layer

внешний слой

to form a protective covering

образовывать защитное покрытие

shoot apex

вершина побега

"ceTTdivision

клеточное деление

to result in

приводить к Ч.-Л., иметь следствием

to arise

возникать, появляться

growing season

сезон роста

dormant

находящийся в состоянии покоя, сгшпий

to measure the length

измерить длину

node

узел, утолщение

n many places on the surface of a woody stem, the bark has small, round openings. These holes are called lenticels. Their function is to allow the ex change of gases, such as water vapor, between the atmosphere and the tissue of the stem.

intemode

междоузлие

bud-scale scar

рубец от почечной чешуи

leaf scar

листовой рубец

bundle scar

рубец от пучка сосудов

leafstalk

стебелек листа

bark

кора

lenticel

чечевичка, пора в коре

exchange of gases

газовьш обмен

water vapor

водяной пар

3.5. Подберите антонимы (ь) к словам и словосочетаниям (а):

a

b

shorten

outer

inner

drop off

close

lengthen

attach

longitudinal section

huge

soft

underground

open

cross section

aboveground

hard

tiny

3.6. Составьте смысловые пары из существительных (а) и глаголов (ь) и употребите их в собственных предложениях:

а

b

leaves

result

buds

produce

cell division

transport

growth

form

flowers

be shaped

bud scales

develop

leaf scars

occur

stem

arise

tissue

drop off

ЗЛ.Заполните пропуски в предложениях, пользуясь информацией текста (упр. 3.3).

  1. The ... supports the aboveground parts of a plant.

  2. There are ... at the tip of the stem and along the side. 3.... are modified leaves that form a protective covering. 4. The bud at the shoot tip is called ....

5.... grow along the sides of a stem. 6. Buds are ... between growing seasons.

  1. The place on a stem where a leaf or a bud arises is a ....

  2. An ... is the section of the stem between nodes.

  3. The bark of a woody stem has ... in many places.

3.8. Заполните пропуски в предложениях формой глагола to be в Present, Past или Future Simple:

  1. Plants... producers of vast quantities of food and oxygen.

  2. In the early history of the earth, land ... a harsh, forbidding environment.

  1. The first land plants that evolved from aquatic green algae ... in danger of drying out, because water ... not immediately available as it was to algae that lived in water.

  2. The two main kinds of seed-bearing plants ... gymnosperms and angiosperms.

  3. A gymnosperm seed ... "naked" because, it lacks a protective fruit covering.

  4. Unlike most gymnosperms, ginkgoes ... deciduous, this means the leaves are shed each year.

  1. In a few years this tree ... more than fifteen metres in height.

  2. Although the tree's roots ... not very strong already, they could still support the trunk.

  3. The flower ... the organ that helps ensure the successful reproduction of flowering plants.

  1. The odour and colourful petals of this flower ... two important factors for a good sale next spring.

  2. Ferns are restricted to habitats that ... wet for at least part of growing season.

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