3. Read and discuss the text about Feodosiya. Learn the new vocabulary.

Feodosiya is a port and a resort city in the Crimea, Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast. It is one of the most picturesque places on the Crimean coastline. It is like a precious pearl framed with most enchanting tropic trees and flowers.

During much of its history the town was known as Caffa or Kaffa (Crimean Tatar: Kefe).The city was founded under the name of Theodosia by Greek colonists from Miletos in the 6th century BC. Known for its rich agricultural lands, on which its trade depended, it was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD.

Feodosia remained a village for much of the next nine hundred years. It was at various times part of the sphere of influence of the Khazars. Excavations have revealed Khazar artifacts dating back to the ninth century. Later it was under the rule of the Byzantine Empire. Like the rest of the Crimea, it was conquered by the Mongols in the 1230s.

Between 1204–1261 and again in 1296–1307, the city of Caffa was ruled by Genoa's chief rival, the Republic of Venice. In the late 13^th century, traders from the Republic of Genoa arrived and purchased the town from the ruling Golden Horde. They established a flourishing trading settlement called Caffa which virtually monopolized trade in the Black Sea area and served as the chief port and administrative centre for the Genoese settlements around the Sea. It used to house one of Europe's biggest slave markets. It is sadly known from many Ukrainian folk songs.

Because the Genoese started intervening in the internal affairs of the Crimean Khanate, a Turkish vassal, seized the city in 1475. Renamed Kefe, Caffa became one of the most important Turkish ports on the Black Sea.

Ottoman control ceased when the expanding Russian Empire conquered the whole Crimea in 1783. It was renamed Feodosiya in 1802, a Russian version of the ancient Greek name.

Under the soviet power the Crimea belonged to Russia. However in 1954, it was transferred to the administrative control of the Ukrainian SSR.

Modern Feodosiya is a popular resort city. It has beaches, mineral springs, and mud baths, and is famous for its numerous sanatoria and rest homes. Apart from tourism, its economy rests on agriculture and fisheries, with local industries including fishing, brewing and canning.

Feodosiya has "small town charm" yet with all the modern conveniences. The city is sparsely populated during the winter months. Most of the cafes and restaurants are closed. Business and tourism begin to increase in mid-June and peak during the months of July and August. During the summer months the city bustles but never has an overcrowded feel to it.

There are plenty of places to see. Spacious embankment attracts crowds of people day and night. Ayvazovskiy picture Gallery, situated just on the embankment, enchants everyone who loves seascape paintings. Alexander Grin museum is a romantic poem about a great dreamer. The churches of Feodosia, some of them dating back to the 14^th century, draw us by the genuine charm of the ancient times. The Genoese fortress reminds us of power and might of the former great republic.

Feodosiya is charming, Feodosiya is graceful, Feodosiya is calm and very attractive. One has to visit the city to feel it and … to love it.

Notes: brewing and canning. – пивоваріння та консервна (галузь)

the city bustles – місто «кипить»

Answer the following questions.

1. Where is Feodosiya situated?

2. Who was the city founded by?

3. Whose sphere of interest did the city become after the 4^th cent. A.D.?

4. Who conquered the Crimea in1230?

5. How did the republic of Genoa acquire (придбала) the city?

6. What status did the city get under the Genoese?

7. When did the city become a Turkish port?

8. When did the Russian Empire conquer the Crimea?

9. What is modern Feodosiya famous for?