Unit 15 Computing Grammar: The ing- forms

Learn the active vocabulary of the unit

at random	application	billing	routine
evidence	to perform task	long-range planning	to make up
remains	record-keeping	credit card holder	warehousing
to store	to increase	to order on a credit card	to witness
human being	software	accounting	supplier
to process	inventory control	order form	to deny (+ ing)
data processing	home delivery	to place an order	to call at
tool	leasing	to surf the Net	to call up
to solve	currently	payroll	fraud
сapacity	accuracy		to purchase

Pre-reading task

1. Match the words with their definitions.

1) payroll a) regular and habitual, common

2) routine b) the maximum amount something can

contain

3) to handle c) a list of employees, specifying the salary

or wage of each

4) capacity d) to make practical or worthwhile use of

5) integral e) to manage successfully

6) to utilize f) formed of constituent parts; united

2. Match the following words ending in -ly with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1) efficiently a) фактично

2) virtually b) швидко

3) rapidly с) надзвичайно, все більше

4) increasingly d) ефективно, дієво

5) currently e) рано

6) early f) тепер

3. Read text a and translate the sentences with the words and phrases from Exs. 1 and 2.

Text A

The Role of Computers in Business

When first developed, computers were not used in business. It was not until the late 1950s and early 1960s that computers began to be used to organize, store, process, and present vast amounts of business information. In 1954 the first business application of a computer system was made for processing of payroll. Today processing payroll is just one of many routine computer operations. There has been a rapid increase of computer usage into almost every aspect of business: factory production, inventory control, warehousing and distribution, record-keeping, and even solving and decision-making.

Computers handle large amounts of data rapidly and can efficiently categorize, process and report information for a virtually unlimited capacity for processing business data. However, since computers cannot think, their role in business is limited to those areas in which they can process information more effectively and efficiently than human beings. At the administrative level, managers decide how computers and humans can be used most effectively to perform a particular business task.

Computers have become an integral part of day-to-day business transactions as well as analytic tools for long-range research and development.

Even a small business can utilize computers by either purchasing a small unit known as a minicomputer, leasing one, or by time-sharing system, each user is regularly scheduled for time to use the computer system. A wide variety of businesses and individuals (for example, college students, engineers and lawyers) participate in a time-sharing computer system.

By performing data processing tasks such as accounting and billing, computers play an increasingly important role in business. Currently, businesses develop overall management information systems in which computers function as essential tools in problem-solving and decision making at all administrative levels.

Notes: to schedule – планувати, тут виділяти

4. Translate the following phrases with by + -ing (gerund) into Ukrainian.

Example:- by performing виконуючи

шляхом виконання

за допомогою виконання

виконанням

1. by developing; 2) by utilizing; 3) by solving; 4) by making; 5) by managing; 6) purchasing.