Indefinite Pronouns and Adverbs

	-thing	-body	-one	-where
Some in positive sentences; in questions	Something I've something to ask you. Could I have something to eat?	Somebody Somebody wants to talk to you. There is somebody downstairs, isn't there?	Someone I want to introduce you to someone. Can you get someone to do it?	Somewhere I don't like it here. Let's go somewhere else. Why don't we go out somewhere for dinner tonight?
Any in negative sentences; in questions; in positive sentences;	Anything I don't want to do anything today. Have you got anything to say? You can tell me anything. But I'm not going to believe you.	Anybody I can't see anybody outside. Does anybody like his paintings? That's a very easy job. Anybody can do it.	Anyone Don't tell anyone about it. Does anyone know that you are in town? Anyone can tell you how to get there.	Anywhere I don't want to go anywhere tonight. Do you go anywhere at weekends? You may go anywhere you like. You are a grown up person.
No in negative sentences	Nothing There is nothing in the fridge.	Nobody There is nobody downstairs.	No one No one can find Howard or Fred anywhere.	Nowhere They've got nowhere to live. They are homeless.
Every in all types of sentences	Everything Everything is so expensive these days.	Everybody Everybody likes good music.	Everyone Everyone else is downstairs.	Everywhere People can live everywhere in the world.

NOTE:

1. When an indefinite pronoun is the subject it takes a singular verb:

Nobody knows that.

Does anybody agree with me?

Is there anything to eat in the house? I'm hungry.

Nobody has got answers to all these questions.

2. We use “they” in question tags after indefinite pronouns that refer to people. Nobody knows what they want to do, do they?

Everybody knows what the answer is, don't they?

3. We use 'it' in question tags after indefinite pronouns that refer to things.

Nothing matters now, does it?

Exercise 23. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

Example: I don't know why everybody hates him. (hate)

1. Nobody _ being poor. (like)

2. It's no good if everyone _ to get their own way. (want)

3. I'm not sure there _ anything else to talk about. (be)

4. The house is deserted. Nobody _ there now. (live)

5. There _ nothing more I can do for you. (be)

6. Something _ wrong. What is it? (be)

Exercise 24. Give the correct tag to the following sentences.

1. No one is leaving tomorrow, _?

2. Everyone believes they could be rich and famous, _?

3. Nothing really matters, _?

4. Everything is all right, _?

5. Something strange is happening there, _?

Exercise 25. Complete the following sentences with something/somebody or anything/anybody/anyone.

1. There's _ at the door. Can you open it, please?

2. She never wears _ pink. In fact, she hates this colour.

3. Close your eyes! I've got _ for you.

4. - It's top secret. Don't tell __ about it.

- OK. I promise.

5. _ knows that you need a license if you want to drive a car.

6. I don't know _ here. I'm still a stranger in this neighborhood.

7. Is there _ interesting on TV tonight?

8. - Frank's on the phone for you.

- I don't know __, called Frank.

Exercise 26. Write the following sentences again with nothing/nobody/no one.

Example: There isn't anybody in the room. - There is nobody in the room.

1. Phil is so lonely. He hasn't got anybody to talk to.

2. There isn't anything in my mailbox today.

3. The house is empty. There isn't anyone in it.

4. He doesn't know anything about her.

5. The music is too loud. I can't hear anything.

6. I haven't got anything to read.

7. The place is so quiet. There isn't anybody here.

Exercise 27. Complete the following sentences with somewhere / anywhere / nowhere and everywhere.

1. Where are my glasses? I can't find them __.

2. The restaurant is full. Let's go __ else.

3. People come to Kyiv from __ to see its sights.

4. Are you going __ else?

5. This kind of forest exists __ else in the world. It's unique.

6. Mr. Jones leaves umbrellas __, especially on buses.

7. They have got a lot of money. They can travel __ they like.

Exercise 28.Complete the story using the words from the box. Some words are used more than once.

someone anyone no one everyone somewhere anywhere nothing everything

I love my job. I travel all the time, and (1) _ I go, I try to visit all the tourist sights. I find it hard to spend only two or three days in a city, but I always try to see (2) _ I can in the time I have.

(3) _ I know prefers travelling to work by car, but I always take the train. It's much more relaxing. You can look at the countryside or read the newspaper, and there's usually (4) _ to talk to. When I go to work very early, I am often alone and there is (5) _ else on the train. But when the waiter walks through and asks:

"Does (6) _ want tea or coffee?", I feel better!

At the moment I'm looking for (7) _ interesting for my sister and me to spend our next holiday. We've already been all round Britain and I don't think there's (8) _ we haven't stayed. I'd really like to travel round India. But Janet always says there is (9) _ better than a ranch in the USA, riding horses high in the mountains. I'm not so sure!

Reflexive Pronouns

Subject Pronouns	Reflexive Pronouns
I	myself
you	yourself
he	himself
she	herself
it	itself
we	ourselves
you	yourselves
they	themselves

Reflexive Pronouns are used:

Reflexive Pronouns are not used:

when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same. Be careful with the gas cooker! You may burn yourself cooking dinner. He is angry with himself. in set expressions. I must say I'm really enjoying myself at the moment. (= I'm having a good time.) Help yourself to some more coffee. (Take some more coffee for yourself.) with by to express “alone”, “without help” I don't live by myself. I share a flat with two friends. You can't move this table by yourself. It's too heavy. to emphasize “that person, nobody else” The manager himself is going to tell me the news.

after feel, relax, concentrate. I feel fine. (Not: ... feel myself fine.) I must try to relax. (Not: ... relax myself). I can't concentrate. (Not: ... concentrate myself) to talk about actions which people usually do to themselves. I get at about 7 o'clock, wash, shave and dress. (Not: ... wash myself, etc.) BUT: He never dries himself when he gets out of the bath. NOTE: For special emphasis we can use reflexive pronouns after wash, dress, etc. He's still very ill but he can wash and dress himself

Exercise 29. Complete the sentences with reflexive pronouns.

1. Be careful! Don't hurt __.

2. I'm often displeased with __.

3. Doris doesn't love anyone. She's in love with __.

4. Jim's test paper is the best. He's proud of __.

5. Tim, the cake is delicious. Please, help __.

6. I want to speak to the director __, not his secretary.

7. The idea __ is very interesting.

8. Sue's children are too young to look after __.

9. When we go to a party, we always enjoy __.

Exercise 30.Rewrite the sentences with by + a reflexive pronoun.

Example: Don't go out alone! - Don't go out by yourself!

1. Many old people live alone.

2. What's going on? Every time I see you, you are alone!

3. "Now that our children are at college," says Mrs Taylor, "we live alone."

4. Little Liz has got no brothers or sisters. She often plays alone.

5. Jack likes going to the cinema alone.

6. Sometimes I don't want to see anybody. I want to be alone.

Themselves/ourselves vs. each other/one another

Sue and I can take care of ourselves. (= Sue can take care of herself and I can take care of myself.)	Sue and I can take care of each other. (= Sue can take care of me and I can take care of her.)
Each other (for two people or things) Chris and Sue often help each other.	One another for two people or things They are looking at one other.
	for more than two people or things We should all try to help one another.

Exercise 31. Write sentences with each other or one another.

Example: William and Debby understand each other/one another very well.

1. My pen friend and I write to __ every month.

2. They are good friends. They like __ very much.

3. Mike and Sue phone __ every evening.

4. You and your friends often give __ presents.

5. We seldom agree with __.

6. Many countries are competing with __.

Exercise 32. Complete the sentences with reflexive pronouns each other/one another or bу + a reflexive pronoun or -.

1. You are so dirty! Look at __ in the mirror.

2. The town __ is so small that it doesn't even have a bank.

3. I don't need his company. I want to go out __.

4. When they go on holiday they always enjoy __.

5. He's only 2 years old but he can dress __.

6. Kelly and Albert study at the same college but they seldom see __.

7. When Klod and Jenny go to a student pub she often pays for __.

8. You can't go to the mountains __. It's too dangerous.

Articles

	Indefinite article	Zero article	Definite article
USAGE AND MEANING	in exclamations before singular countable nouns What a nice day! Such a long queue!	in exclamations before uncountable and plural countable nouns What_ terrible weather! Such _pretty girls!	with “unique” nouns the sky, the sun, the stars, the moon, etc. The sun is shining brightly. to talk about a class of people the + Adjective= Noun the old = old people in general. The poor get poorer the rich get richer.

Exercise 33. Complete the following sentences with a / an, the or —.

1. What __ lovely day!

2. In St John's Park there is a special garden for_ blind with strongly scented flowers.

3. The man over there is collecting money for _injured.

4. How many stars are there in __ sky?

5. I enjoy lying in __ sun.

6. What __ beautiful weather!

7. Jack is such __ bore!

8. Would you like to travel round __ world?

9. What __ nice people the Browns are!

10. __ moon looks beautiful tonight.

11. Such __ fast car! I myself would like to own it,

Exercise 34. Complete the conversation with a / an, the or —.

- What __ (1) beautiful day today! I'd like to go to __ (2) beach.

- Yes, but __ (3) beach is always being crowded! I’d like to stay at __ (4) home and sit in __ (5) garden, We can have__(6) lunch in__(7) garden.

- But I'd like to go out. I'm going back to __ (8) work tomorrow and this is __ (9) last day of my holiday.

- Well, we could go out tonight. There's __ (10) good film on at __ (11) cinema, or we could go to __ (12) theatre.

- O.K. but __ (13) theatre's too expensive. It’s about $25 __ (14) seat.

- That's true. We may go to __ (15) cinema then. Or we could stay here and watch __ (16) television.

- Oh, no. That's boring. I want to go to __ (17) cinema.

- And this afternoon?

- You can stay here but I think I'll go to __ (18) town.

- Can you do __ (19) shopping when you are in town?

- Oh, all right.