- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •Just/ already/yet/still
- •Not ... Any more/not ... Any longer/no longer
- •Been in/been to/gone to
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Are the following statements true or false? If false, say why.
- •II. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. Ask the questions.
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations.
- •IV. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text.
- •V. Give a summary of the text.
- •VI. Complete these sentences. Use active words and word combinations.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •Speaking
- •Questions
- •Social english Making an Appointment
UNIT 8
PATHS TO SUCCESS
Focus on
Use of English
Grammar
The Present Perfect Tense
just / already / yet / still
any more / any longer / no longer
been to / been in / gone to
Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
since / for / ago
Further practice: Articles
Reading Career Prospects
Speaking Applying for a Job
Social English
Making an appointment
USE OF ENGLISH
Grammar
The Present Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect Tense is used:
to talk about something which started in the past and continues up to the present
- with time references like before (now), never, ever, up till now, so far
She’s seen this film before.
I’ve never been there.
Have you ever eaten Chinese food?
He's received 30 cards up to now.
I've never tasted papaya so far.
- with since/for
We haven't been there since we were young.
She's worked in London for six months.
- with today, this morning, this afternoon, etc. when these periods of time are not finished at the time of speaking
I've written four letters this morning. (It is still “this morning”)
when the result of a past action is connected to the present
Someone's broken the window. (= The window is now broken.)
We've cleaned the flat. (= The flat is now clean.)
to describe personal experience (with superlatives or ordinals)
She's met a lot of interesting people. (= in her life, up now)
He is the most intelligent person I've met.
This is the third time we've complained.
to announce “news”
I’ve found a new job.
to describe actions which happened at unspecified time in the past
- with no time reference at all
He has passed his driving test.
- with references to recent time, like just, recently lately, already, still, yet
I've just eaten.
He has recently become a director.
I haven't seen you lately.
They've already spoken to me.
She still hasn't answered my letter.
I haven't drunk my tea yet.
Positive form
h as/have + Past Participle (Verb + -ed)
I You We You They |
have ('ve) done this job before. |
He She It |
has ('s) arrived just in time. |
Exercise 1. Here are the Past Participles of some verbs. Write the Infinitive.
died |
---------- |
sung |
---------- |
swum |
---------- |
fallen |
----------- |
bought |
---------- |
left |
---------- |
driven |
----------- |
won |
---------- |
taught |
---------- |
felt |
----------- |
built |
---------- |
tried |
---------- |
travelled |
----------- |
chosen |
---------- |
found |
---------- |
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences putting the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense.
1. My parents _ in Moscow for fifteen years. (live)
2. I _ a lot of friends. (make)
3. They _ here for two hours. (be)
4. She _ him for many years. (know)
5. We _ three exams so far this winter. (have)
6. I'm not feeling well. I think I _ a cold. (catch)
Exercise 3. In the following sentences, say if 's = is or has.
Example: He's worried. (= is). She's left. (= has)
1. He's tired.
2. She's arrived.
3. He's washed the car.
4. It's disappeared.
5. He's ill.
6. She's frightened.
Negative form
h as not (hasn't)/have not (haven't) + Past Participle (Verb + -ed)
I You We You They |
have not (haven't) eaten anything. |
He She It |
has not (hasn't) been there. |
Exercise 4. Make the following positive sentences negative.
Example: George's won the lottery. - George hasn't won the lottery.
1. We've had our holiday this year.
2. The Browns have painted their house.
3. She's done her homework.
4. I've known him for many years.
5. Tom's travelled all over the world.
G eneral questions
Have |
I |
ever done this before? - Yes/No |
I |
have (haven’t) |
you |
you |
|||
we |
we |
|||
you |
you |
|||
they |
they |
Has |
he |
checked all the information? Yes\ No |
he |
has (hasn't) |
she |
she |
|||
it |
it |
E xercise 5. Rewrite each sentence as positive, negative or a general question, according to the instructions. Make all the necessary changes.
Example: Diana has recently won $1000. (question) - Has Diana recently won $1000?
I've seen John this morning, (negative) - I haven't seen John this morning.
Mary hasn't written many books, (positive) - Mary has written a lot of books.
1. They've lived in London for five years. (question)
2. I've seen the Statue of Liberty. (negative)
3. Nick hasn't invited you to his party on Sunday. (positive)
4. Julia has decided to be a doctor. (question)
5. The children have brought their little dog with them. (negative)
6. Jack's heard of Frank's engagement to Judy. (question)
7. Mrs Taylor has gone to Canada on business. (negative)
Alternative questions
Have |
I |
passed the exam or failed it? - The results are not known yet. |
you |
||
they |
||
you |
||
we |
Has |
he |
finished the job or not? - Not yet. |
she |
||
it |
Exercise 6. Ask alternative questions with the following words. Give answers.
Example: she/learn/English/French. - Has she learnt English or French? - She's learnt French.
1) he/buy/a Toyota/a BMW?
2) you/pay/in cash/by credit card?
3) they/win the match/lose it?
4) you/make/many/only a few/grammar mistakes?
5) Mr. Wolley/fix his car himself/take it to a garage?
Special questions
Why have you done this? |
- I just wanted to help. |
Where has he gone to? |
- To Edinburgh. |
How has she travelled to Paris? |
- By plane, as usual. |
How long has she stayed in France? |
- For two months. |
How many (English books) have you read so far? |
- I haven't counted. |
How much (money) have they spent on their new house? |
- An absolute fortune! |
What kind of film have you seen? |
- Quite a dull one. |
Which dictionary have you bought? |
- Collins Cobuild. |
Whose house have we rented? |
- Mr Brown's. |
Object Question |
|
Who have you talked to? |
- To our French teacher. |
What has Jane been always afraid of? |
- The darkness. |
Subject Question |
|
Who has helped you? |
- A friend of mine. |
What has happened? |
- I don't know. |
NOTE: There are no “When questions” with Perfect Tense in English.
When did you go to Spain? - Last month.
Exercise 7. Complete the questions using a suitable verb.
Example: - Have you finished with that newspaper yet?
- No, I'm still reading it. I won't be long.
1. - How many times _ his driving test?
- Three. His fourth is next Friday.
2. - Hello, Dick. Haven't seen you for ages. Where _?
- I've just returned from a round-the-world cruise.
3. - You hate flying, don't you? How _ this time?
- By plane! I just had to. And you know, I rather liked it.
4. - Jenny, why are you crying? What _?
- A car has just run over my dog.
5. - Have you heard the announcement? What plane __ just __?
- Flight 516 from Geneva.
T ag questions
I You We You They |
have (‘ve) just returned from the trip, haven’t |
I? you? we? you? they? |
- Yes, (No) |
I you we you they |
have (haven’t) |
He She It |
has(‘s) changed a lot, hasn’t |
he? she? it? |
- Yes, (No) |
he she it |
has (hasn’t) |
I You We You They |
haven’t been there yet, have |
I? you? we? you? they? |
- No, (Yes) |
I you we you they |
haven’t (have) |
He She It |
hasn’t come yet, has |
he? she? it? |
- No, (Yes) |
he she it |
hasn’t (has) |
Exercise 8. Give the correct tag to these sentences.
1. They’ve accepted our offer, _ ?
2. Their dog has attacked two children, _ ?
3. He’s never seen such a pretty girl in all his life, _ ?
4. You haven’t failed your exam, _ ?
5. Everyone has heard about the leaning tower of Pisa, _ ?
Exercise 9. Ask questions about the information in italics.
1. I’ve painted this room.
2. They haven’t seen each other for a long time.
3. We’ve had such a busy day!
4. You’ve won a lot of money.
5. Jack’s gone abroad on business.
6. I’ve discussed the idea with her.