- •Vocabulary of some linguistic terms used in the text 22
- •Part 1. Theory section
- •1. Clauses and sentences
- •1.1. Classification of simple sentences
- •2. Parts of a sentence
- •2.1. The subject
- •2.2. The predicate
- •2.2.1. The double predicate
- •2.2.2. Mixed types of predicates
- •2.3. The object
- •2.3.1. The direct object
- •2.3.2. The indirect object
- •2.3.3. The prepositional object
- •2.3.4. The cognate12 object
- •2.4. The adverbial modifier
- •2.5. The attribute
- •2.6. Homogeneous parts of the sentence
- •2.7. Independent elements of the sentence
- •2.8. Detached parts of the sentence
- •3. Simple sentence analysis
- •4. Composite sentence analysis
- •5. The subjunctive mood
- •5.1. The category of mood
- •5.2. Classification of the subjunctive mood forms
- •The synthetic forms
- •5.2.1. The subjunctive I
- •5.2.2. The subjunctive II
- •The analytical forms
- •5.2.3. The conditional mood
- •5.2. The suppositional mood
- •5.2.5. Modal verbs
- •5.2.6. Tendency to use contracted forms of mood auxiliaries
- •6. Basic patterns with the subjunctive mood in simple sentences
- •6.1. The conditional mood
- •7.4. Attributive appositive clauses
- •7.5. Adverbial clauses of unreal condition
- •Part 2. Practice section Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:
- •Exercise 2. Define the kinds of the following simple sentences:
- •Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:
- •Exercise 4. Point out the subject and state what it is expressed by.
- •Exercise 5. State the types of the predicates in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 6. State the type of the objects in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 7. State the types of the adverbial modifiers in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 8. Point out the attributes in the following sentences and state what they are expressed by.
- •Exercise 10. Point out the complex parts of sentences and state what they are expressed by.
- •Exercise 11. Analyse the following simple sentences according to the model given in Item 6.
- •Exercise 12. Analyse the following composite sentences and draw their schemes according to the model given in Item 7.
- •Exercise 13. State the types of the following sentences: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex, complex-compound.
- •Exercise 14. Act out the following dialogue. Comment upon the forms of the subjunctive mood in it (see patterns 6.4, 6.5, 7.3.1, 7.5.4).
- •Exercise 15. Complete the following conversations expressing a wish. Follow the model given in (1) (see pattern 7.3.1).
- •Exercise 16. Complete the following sentences using the given information (see pattern 7.3.1):
- •Exercise 17. Open the brackets using the correct form expressing unreality with reference to the present/future (see patterns 7.3.1, 7.5.1).
- •Exercise 18. Use the correct form expressing unreality with reference to the past (see patterns 7.3.1, 7.5.2).
- •Exercise 19. Use the correct form expressing unreality with mixed time reference (see patterns 7.5.3, 7.5.4).
- •Exercise 21. Read and analyse the text following the instructions to the underlined words given at the end of the exercise.
- •Instructions to the underlined words:
- •Keys to the exercises Exercise 2
- •Exercise 4
- •Exercise 5
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7
- •Exercise 8
- •Exercise 9
- •Exercise 10
- •Exercise 21
- •Selected bibliography1
- •Keys to symbols and abbreviations used in the text
- •Vocabulary of some linguistic terms used in the text
- •The Infinitive Syntactical Functions of the Infinitive The Subject
- •The Predicative
- •The Object
- •The Attribute
- •Omitted “to”
- •Reduced Infinitive
- •The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction
- •The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •The Subject
- •The Object
- •The gerund:
- •The verbal noun:
- •The Subject
- •The Predicative
- •The Direct Object
- •The Prepositional Object
- •The Attribute
- •The Adverbial Modifier
- •The Gerundial Complex
- •Syntactical Functions of the Gerundial Complex
- •The Predicative
- •The Direct Object
- •The Prepositional Object
- •The Attribute
- •The Adverbial Modifier
- •Participle
- •The Syntactical Functions of Participle I
- •The Syntactical Functions of Participle II
- •Constructions with the Participle The Objective Participial Construction
- •The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
Exercise 21. Read and analyse the text following the instructions to the underlined words given at the end of the exercise.
A Difficult Customer
Dolores works in a shop selling records. One afternoon (1)_____middle-aged
woman came in, sat on a stool in front of (2)_____counter, and smiled at her brightly
(3). "I want a record, dear," she began. "One I heard on (4)_______radio this morning".
"What was the record called?" Dolores asked, without much hope (5)" (6)______
woman shook her head.
"I don't remember. I (to know (7)) it, if I (to hear (8)) it, though. Perhaps if you play me (9) a few records (10). I shall be able to pick it out". She settled herself more comfortably on her stool.
"We have hundreds of records in stock", Dolores pointed out. "It would take (11) a very long time to play (12) even a little of each. Could you hum it (13) to me (14)?
The woman shook her head again. "I can't even sing (15) the National Anthem in tune. We (only to get П6)) into a complete muddle if I (to start (17)) humming. She looked quite depressed (18), as if this reminder of her own lack of musical ability (to be П9)) the last straw. Then suddenly her face brightened.
"I've just remembered something", she said. "It comes from ____(20) play.
There's a girl who speaks badly (21). if you see what I mean (22). But after a time she learns to talk well. Something about - what do you call it? Phonetics!"
This was enough for Dolores. "If you ask me, it's from "My Fair Lady", she said.
That's it, dear. If you (to think (23)) of it sooner, we (not to waste (24)) so much time. I suppose you are new to the job (25).
(From: Lee W.H. English at home. - London, 1966, p.209).
Instructions to the underlined words:
1. Use the correct article; |
14. State the type of the object; |
2. Use the correct article; |
15. State the type of the predicate; |
3. State the syntactic function; |
16. Use the correct verb-form; |
4. Use the correct article; |
17. Use the correct verb-form; |
5. State the syntactic function; |
18. State the type of the predicate; |
6. Use the correct article; |
19. Use the correct verb-form; |
7. Use the correct verb-form; |
20. Use the correct article; |
8. Use the correct verb-form; |
21. State the type of the clause; |
9. State the type of the object; |
22. State the type of the clause; |
10. State the type of the object; |
23. Use the correct verb-form; |
11. State the mood of the verb-form; |
24. Use the correct verb-form; |
12. State the syntactic function; |
25. State the type of the clause. |
13. State the type of the object; |
|
Keys to the exercises Exercise 2
1. This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, one-member, nominal, extended sentence. 2. This is a simple, exclamatory, two-member, complete, extended sentence. 3. This is a simple, interrogative, two- member, complete, unextended sentence. 4. This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, one-member, nominal, extended sentence. 5. (1) This is a simple, interrogative, two-member, complete, unextended sentence; (2) This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, elliptical sentence. 6. This is a simple, interrogative, two-member, complete, unextended, sentence. 7. This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, complete, extended sentence. 8. This is a simple, declarative, negative, two-member, complete, unextended sentence. 9. This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, complete, extended sentence. 10. (1) This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, complete, extended sentence; (2) This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, elliptical sentence; (3) This is a simple, interrogative, two-member, complete, extended sentence; (4) and (5) These are simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, elliptical sentences. 11. (1) This is a simple, interrogative, two-member, complete, extended sentence; (2) This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, elliptical sentence. 12. This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, unexpended sentence.