Unit 31. Raising finance Active vocabulary

raise finance run costs financial reserves extra capital expand premises working capital preserve cash flow time-leg retained profit borrowing grant loan tax distribute lender leasing hire purchase debt factoring share issue share flotation syn: share offering

діставити фінанси, залучати фінанси керувати, управляти витратами фінансові резерви додатковий капітал збільшувати приміщення; будинок з прилеглими будівлями і ділянкою оборотний капітал, оборотні фонди зберігати, підтримувати потік готівки відставання в часі, спізнення нерозділений прибуток позика (коштів); кредит дотація, субсидія, грошова допомога позика податок розподіляти, роздавати кредитор, позикодавець лізинг, довгострокова оренда купівля у розстрочку борговий факторинг розміщення, випуск нових цінних паперів на вільний ринок

All firms need capital to apply it in business. As well money for running costs such as wages, material and rent, they need to have financial reserves. Extra capital may be needed to expand by buying new premises or developing new products. Firms may also need working capital to preserve cash flow through the business, for instance if there is time-lag between producing goods and services and getting paid for them.

There are four main ways of obtaining capital:

• retained profit;

• borrowings;

• share issues;

• governments grants and loans.

Retained profit is the amount of profit after tax that directors of a business decide not to distribute to their shareholders, but to keep within the business.

Borrowing money usually accounts for 20-30 per cent of firm’s capital. There are several types of lenders to business: commercial banks, leasing, hire purchase, debt factoring, Stock Exchange.

When companies raise finance by selling shares for the first time they make share issues, share flotation or share offerings.

They government has a variety of schemes which give grants or cheap loans to the firms for certain purposes.

Exercise 1. Give the English for:

залучати фінанси, управляти витратами, мати фінансові резерви, додатковий капітал, купувати нові приміщення, потік готівки, виробництво товарів та послуг, здобувати капітал, нерозподілений прибуток, позика коштів, випуск акцій, держані субсидії, податок, акціонери, кредитор, фондова біржа.

Exercise 2. Match words from the list A with words from the list B that have a similar meaning:

A B

share flotation stockholder

creditor instalment plant

hire purchase lender

shareholder share offering

profit purchase

obtain earnings

preserve enlarge

buy keep

expand get

Exercise 3. Match the words and phrases with the correct definitions from the list below:

premises, grant, share flotation, retained profit, working capital, lender, reserve, hire purchase, loan, borrowings, cash flow, reserve finance;

1. money as a resource for business and other activities;

2. the capital from a business that is set aside from profit or from shares sold at higher that their original price;

3. the amount of money moving into and out of a business at a particular point in time;

4. part of the annual profit that is not paid out to shareholders as dividend, but reinvested in the company;

5. receiving money from a person, a bank, or other financial organization and agreeing to pay it back later, usually with interest;

6. money that has been borrowed and has to be paid back;

7. a person or an organization that lends money and charges interest on the repayments;

8. a way of buying goods where the buyer takes the goods and pays for them in regular instalments over a fixed period of time;

9. offering company shares for sale to the public or a stock exchange for the first time;

10. the amount of short-term capital that a business has available to meet the day-to-day cash requirements of its operations;

11. money given for a specific purpose;

12. buildings and the land they occupy.

Exercise 4. Fill the necessary prepositions into the sentences and translate them: