Education

Computers have proved to be valuable educational tools. Computer-assisted instruction, or CAI, uses computerized lessons that range from simple drills and practice sessions to complex interactive tutorials. These programs have become essential teaching tools in medical schools and military training centers. Educational aids (encyclopedias, reference books, on-line courses) are available to personal-computer users.

Health and Medicine

Computers are helping to monitor the extremely ill in the intensive care unit and provide cross-sectional views of the body. This eliminates the need for hired nurses to watch the patient twenty-four hours a day. Doctors use computers to assist them in diagnosing certain diseases of the sort. This type of computer is called the Expert System, which is basically a collection of accumulated expertise in a specific area of field.

Arts and Entertainment

Video games are one of the most popular applications of personal computers. The constantly improving graphics and sound capabilities of personal computers have made them popular tools for artists and musicians. Personal computers can display millions of colors, can produce images far clearer than those of a television set, and can be connected to various musical instruments. Painting programs enable artists to create realistic images and animated displays easily. Special programs allow photographers and filmmakers to transform photographic images into any size and shape they can imagine. High-speed supercomputers can insert lifelike animated images into frames of a film seamlessly. Musicians can use computers to create multiple-voice compositions and to play back music with hundreds of variations.

At Home

People having a computer in the home justifies the fact that it is not only useful and efficient, but it is also referred as a learning system. Personal computers are being used for innumerous tasks nowadays, for example, to keep records, write letters and memos, prepare budgets, produce presentations, draw pictures, publish newsletters and connect with other in the rest of plant earth.

Exercise 10. Identify the sector of the society where a computer is used as described by each of the statement given below.

Business

Government

Science

At home

Industry

Education

1. You go to the library and use the Internet to get the information about Isaac Newton.

2. Computers are used in making cars.

3. You can play games using a computer in the comfort of your room.

4. Salespersons use computers to market their company’s products.

5. Computers are used by the Bureau of Internet revenue to keep a record of the people’s income tax return.

6. Computers are used to stimulate a cell division.

7. Computers are used to control a robot used in making the parts of a car.

8. You use computers to watch a movie in your living room.

9. Teachers use computers for computer-aided instruction.

10. Computers are used to make charts and graphs as a result of experiment.

Exercise 11. Answer the following questions to the text.

1. Where can computers be used?

2. How are computers used for communication?

3. What do local-area networks (LANs) link?

4. What do journalists and writers use to write books and articles?

5. How do scientists and researches use computers?

6. What does a simulation help do?

7. Why do chemists use computer simulation?

8. How are computers used in industry?

9. What types of computers do government agencies use?

10. What does the federal government use computers for?

11. How are computers used in education?

12. How can computers be used for music, filmmaking and other arts?

13. What are computers used in medicine for?

14. What is the Expert System?

15. How do you use computers for your personal needs?

Exercise 12. Translate the sentences into English using active vocabulary.

1. Сучасні комп’ютери широко застосовуються у науці, мистецтві, промисловості, освіті та інших сферах. 2. Комп’ютери допомагають людям усього світу спілкуватися. 3. Журналісти використовують текстовий процесор для написання книг і статей. 4. Вчені та дослідники збирають, зберігають та аналізують дані за допомогою комп’ютерів. 5. Використання комп’ютерного моделювання допомагає вченим перевіряти свої теорії. 6. Автоматизоване проектування допомагає інженерам і архітекторам створювати просторову модель на екрані комп’ютера.

Language work. Collocations.

Rule: Verbs and nouns often go together in English to make set phrases, for example access the Internet. These word combinations are often called collocations, and they are very common. Learning collocations instead of individual words can help you remember which verb to use with which noun. Here are some examples: perform operations, do research, make calls, send text, give presentations, carry out transactions, store information, download the picture.

Exercise 13. Match the verbs on the left with their collocations on the right.

1. browse a) a file

2. be connected b) online

3. enter c) to the Internet

4. access d) a chat room

5. compose e) the web

6. attach f) a website

7. go g) an option

8. visit h) the web address

9. select i) a message

Exercise 14. Use collocations from exercise 13 and examples in the rule to complete the following sentences.

1. A: How do I reply to this e-mail? Sorry, I’m not very good with computers.

B: That’s OK. Just hit ‘reply’, then ________________, then press ‘send’.

2. Skype is a technology that enables users to ____________________ over the Internet for free.

3. A: Can I send an attachment with this e-mail?

B: Yes, you click here and then __________________.

4. In many universities, students __________________ using Power Point in order to make their talks more visually attractive.

5. The Web has revolutionized the way people _________________- with search engines such as Google, Yahoo or Yandex, you can find the information you need in seconds.

6. A: I can’t ______ my company’s _____. Can you help?

B: Have you put in the correct address?

A: Yes, I’m sure I have.

Exercise 15. Here are some more collocations. Choose the correct collocation.

1. Sam spends hours every evening accessed / connected to the Internet.

2. Is it an easy website to navigate / reinstall?

3. How can I burn / enter a CD on this computer?

4. Be careful not to select / delete your work.

5. Do you do a lot of computer / online shopping?