III. Earnings

wages — payment for week or services (industry, country)

salary — monthly or quarterly payment for regular employment on a yearly basis (a salary of … per annum)

fee — payment for professional advice and services (private teachers, doctors, lawyers)

to be paid by the job — получить оплату за отдельную часть работы

by the hour — почасовая оплата

paid sick leave — оплачиваемый отпуск по болезни

raise/increase — повышение зарплаты

bonus — премия

cash award (bonus, premium) — денежная премия

overtime pay — сверхурочная оплата

minimum wage (salary) —минимальная зарплата

regular pay — основная зарплата

advantages and disadvantages

• rewarding – to bring moral satisfaction – to see tangible palpable results of laborious painstaking work

• demanding – everyday challenge to one’s skills – constant stream of decisions

• powerful incentive for self-improvement – to keep aware of modern tendencies – to devise one’s own methods – to adopt existing advanced techniques

• to be acutely aware of the tasks and aims

to mould personality/ to foster character/ to cultivate smth

• to cope with a wide range of tasks ...to possess a full set of personal qualities

• not to suppress every display of creativeness

• not to impose one’s views on someone

• to persuade using convincing well grounded well considered arguments

• tolerant and demanding

• to combine insistence and indulgence

• to lead tenderly but firmly in the necessary direction

• laborious time-consuming process

• not to burn one’s pants of studying , achieving , competing

• not to be ready to assimilate high moral ideals

• ideas of charity, compassion...to be popular with pupils

• to give up the idea to grow the grains of the Wise , the Kind , the Eternal with the help of boring edification

• to instil moral values common of mankind

• to exercise influence

• to exercise individual approach

• to be a real master of psychological analysis

• foundations of human personality, morality , character to be laid down in the family

• to join one’s efforts with those of parents’

• to keep close contact to be aware of goings on in the family

Exercises.

Task 1. Make your choice. Say what another person can do.

1. A barber / merchant sells goods.

2. A tailor / dressmaker makes men’s clothes.

3. An architect / sculptor designs for a house.

4. A professor / teacher teaches at school.

5. A nurse / secretary looks after patients in hospitals.

6. A surgeon / dentist operates on heart.

7. A physician / physicist carries on experiment with prism.

8. An optician / chemist checks people’s eyesight.

9. A bricklayer / civil engineer builds the walls.

Task 2. What would you call a person who:

Does the hair, gathers crop, prepares medicines, builds or repairs roads, composes music, does the painting; sells meat, sausage, chicken; does painting; does the plumbing; flies a plane; is in charge of a whole company; bakes bread; checks tickets on a train; makes up computer programmes; makes men’s clothes.

Task 3. Match each sentence or word in the left-hand column with the best meaning in the right-hand column. Place the letter of the best definition in the space provided.

1) accountant 2) surgeon 3) lawyer 4) journalist 5) carpenter 6) barber 7) architect 8) nurse 9) turner 10) secretary 11) bricklayer 12) engineer 13) economis 14) sculptor

a) a person who practices law especially a barrister or a solicitor b) a worker who makes and repairs, especially the wooden parts of buildings and other structures of wood c) a person whose profession is to keep and examine business accounts d) a person who designs and supervises the construction of the building e) a doctor who performs operations f) a person engaged in journalism (work of writing for editing or publishing journals) g) a person who cares for people who are in jail h) employee in an office, who deals with correspondence, keeps records,makes arrangements and appointments for a particular member of the staff i) a person whose trade is shaving and cutting men’s hair j) a workman who build with bricks k) a person who writes lectures on economics and political economy l) a person who works a lather m) an artist who sculptures n) a person who works in a branch of engineering; a person who designs engines, machines, bridges, railways; a skilled or trained person who controls communications

Task 4. Give the names of professions related to:

1. teaching; g) mass media;

2. management; h) science;

3. health care; i) art;

4. law; j) manual work;

5. industry; k) services;

6. business; e) rare jobs

Task 5. Write down two jobs which:

1. can be done by robots

2. no longer exists

3. require absolutely no intelligence

4. have low salaries but high prestige

5. require very long training

6. will be most needed in the future

7. are overpaid

8. young children typically want to do

9. can be done from home

10. you would really hate to do

Task 6.Guess the professions by their description:

1. intelligent, loves children, makes lessons interesting, knows subject, speaks clearly, moral in private life, honest, flexible.

2. authoritative, charismatic, clever, confident, has well-ordered private life, just, honest, knowledgeable;

3. tolerant, faithful, affectionate to husband / wife / children, hardworking, tidy, home-loving, good-looking;

4. disciplined, brave, well-trained, patriotic, shoots accurately, strong, healthy, even-tempered, thinks for his motherland and himself;

5. beautiful, talented, well-dressed, plays wonderfully.

Task 7. Say what job these thing can belong to. Continue the list. Think of some patterns of your own.

Model: ladder, water, bucket → window-cleaner

1. hammer, saw, nail

2. chalk, projector, board

3. scalpel, mask, forceps

4. tractor, plough, barn

5. sewing machine, scissors, needle

6. seal, telephone, personal car

Task 8. In small groups compile a list of jobs which can be described as:

Full-time, part-time, temporary, seasonal, prestigious, demanding, challenging, caring, influencing, managerial.

Task 9. Skim the listed kinds of jobs and say which job you would prefer. Don’t fail to reason your choice.

• providing good living, but rather boring and routine;

• which involves working indoors / outdoors;

• which would be quite intellectual;

• a job involving a foreign language and living abroad;

• providing poor living but interesting;

• which would be in some way physical / manual;

• a job involving no language at all;

• a part-time / full-time job.

Task 10. Think of the jobs requiring:

A good qualification, rich imagination, an attractive appearance, a refined sense of humour, quick mind, self - discipline, great responsibility, tolerance, special skills (administrative, organisational).

Task 11. Most people feel satisfaction for their jobs. But it doesn’t always turn out that way. Sometimes the work is so boring that it is very difficult to get any pleasure. Here some reasons for people’s being unhappy at their work. Comment on each point given.

• the jobs are repetitive / boring / assembly-line;

• bad working conditions;

• poor wages;

• unfriendly co-workers;

• the nature of the job makes it difficult to contact other people;

• they are not treated as individuals at work;

• a snobbish / unfair employer;

• the job is not very secure;

• the work is very hard physically and yet not very productive.

Task 12. Following is a list of reasons a person may have for leaving or changing jobs. Talk about each reason and check the ones you think are acceptable to give an interviewer:

• I don’t like the job I have.

• There isn’t much room for advancement.

• I was laid off because business was slow.

• I didn’t get along with the boss.

• I’m bored with my job.

• I want to work on a job that is more interesting.

• My job is a long way from my house. I have trouble getting to work on time.

• The pay is very low.

• I hurt my back and I’m unable to do heavy work.

Task 13. Would you call the following a trade, a profession, or an unskilled job?

electrician dressmaker receptionist cleaner builder

lawyer tailor dentist supervisor

Task 14. Get into two teams, build the spidergrams picking up as many adjectives as possible to characterize the word “job”.

Task 15. Translate the sentences from English into Ukrainian, then back into English. Make proper use of the following group of words:

to employ - employer – employee – unemployed – employment

1. We were employed to do some seasonal job.

2. My employer wouldn’t like me to be late.

3. Office employees are called white-collar workers.

4. Being a housewife is a full-time employment.

5. Unemployment is a major social problem in many countries.

6. We employed a new secretary from Sept. 1.

7. People who have no work are unemployed / jobless. We can also say they have no employment / jobs.

8. Being out of work means having no employment.

Task 16. Name the following:

• money earned by office-clerks;

• money earned by workers;

• payment for particular professional advice or service (private doctors, lawyers, seasonal workers) that is given for one attendance;

• a brief account of smb’s previous career;

• office employees;

• people who have no work / are out of work;

• general word for wages / salaries;

• a form to be filled in while applying for a job

Task17. Choose the right word.

1. Workers earn wages / salary. Wages are paid weekly / monthly.

2. Office clerks earn salaries / fees. A salary is paid monthly / daily.

3. The general word for wages and salaries is pay / income. It is money that an employee receives for his regular work or services, especially in the Navy, Army and Air Force.

4. Payment for particular professional advice or service (private doctors, lawyers, teachers) is called fee / profit. Fee is a one attendance.

5. I’d love to do / make that kind of work.

6. What d’you do / make for a living?

7. I have been offered / proposed a job in London. But I haven’t been prepared to give / take on that job.

8. A curriculum vitae / autobiography is a brief account of smb’s previous career.

Task 18. Choose the right word.

9. Workers earn wages / salary. Wages are paid weekly / monthly.

10. Office clerks earn salaries / fees. A salary is paid monthly / daily.

11. The general word for wages and salaries is pay / income. It is money that an employee receives for his regular work or services, especially in the Navy, Army and Air Force.

12. Payment for particular professional advice or service (private doctors, lawyers, teachers) is called fee / profit. Fee is a one attendance.

13. I’d love to do / make that kind of work.

14. What d’you do / make for a living?

15. I have been offered / proposed a job in London. But I haven’t been prepared to give / take on that job.

16. A curriculum vitae / autobiography is a brief account of smb’s previous career.

Task 19. Scan the list of the factors young people may use choosing their jobs. Point out the most important ones and put them in order of importance. Explain your choice.

• work which is useful to society;

• good salary or wages;

• opportunities to meet different people;

• opportunities to travel;

• flexible working hours;

• interesting and not boring work;

• high security of employment;

• good pension scheme;

• the chance of promotion;

• good career prospects;

• top-level working conditions;

• friendly colleagues and considerate management;

• long holidays

• other factors – what? / add your own ones /

Task 20.Worksheet: A Successful Job Interview ( videoclip available )