- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Ростов-на-Дону
- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Working for customs
- •Ростов-на-Дону
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Training
- •Talking Points
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Customs Officer Career
- •Text 2 October 25 – Day of the Customs Officer of the Russian Federation
- •Text 3 The Customs Officer
- •Talking Points
- •Text 4 Российский таможенный мундир
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 2 Working as an Anti-Smuggling Officer
- •Typical work at the Customs includes:
- •Text 4 The Virtual Customs Office
- •Text 5 Customs Officer Jobs
- •Talking Points
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Part I
- •Part II
- •Part III
- •Text 2 The Customs in London
- •Text 3 The Revenue Problem
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Travelling on Business
- •Text 2 At the Airport
- •Text 3 Air Rage
- •Nightmare Journeys
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Vocabulary – Airport
- •Hand luggage (a carry-on bag)
- •T rolley
- •Plane check
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Modern Airport
- •The Future Lies in Schoenefeld
- •Aeroflot Changes its Image
- •Pulkovo Airport Terminal One
- •Pulkovo Airport Terminal Two
- •Sheremetievo-3 Terminal
- •Jfk Airport, New York
- •The Heathrow Airport Terminal 5
- •Аэропорт Ростова-на-Дону
- •Talking Points
- •Dialogue 1
- •Dialogue 2
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Red and Green Channel
- •Text 2 Passport and Customs Control
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Customs Declaration
- •Text 2* Electronic Customs Declaration
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Customs Restrictions
- •Text 2 Russian Customs Regulations
- •Text 3 British Customs Regulations
- •Text 4 Abolition of Duty-free Goods within the eu countries
- •Hand Luggage Restrictions: Liquids, Gels
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Governments Impose sps Measures
- •Text 2 The World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (sps Agreement)
- •Text 3 Russia’s sps standards
- •Veterinary Control
- •Text 5 Cooperation with the Customs
- •Фтс России борется с контрабандой объектов фауны и флоры
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Southern Customs Administration
- •Rostov Customs
- •Text 3 Canine Enforcement at Rostov Customs
- •Text 4 Rostov Airport Customs
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Protecting Our Borders
- •Border Technologies
- •Text 2 Naked Airport Security Scanning
- •Text 3 Biometric Facial Recognition Security Trial at uk Airports
- •Text 4 Baggage X-ray Scanner
- •New Rules at the International airport
- •People Screening
- •Мобильные досмотровые комплексы
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Text 1 At the Customs
- •Text 3 Arrival
- •What is an Immigration Card?
- •Talking Points
- •At Passport Control
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Fighting Crime in Maritime London
- •Introduction to Smuggling
- •Text 3 Smugglers in Cornwall
- •Text 4 Drug Smuggling Submarines
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Text 1 Customs Offences
- •Text 2 Customs Violations
- •Text 3 Russian Currency and Currency Regulations for Travellers to Russia
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Types of Concealment
- •Text 2 Top Eight Methods of Smuggling Drugs
- •Text 3 How to Spot a Drug Mule
- •Text 4
- •Text 5 Balloon Swallower
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •How to become a Customs Detector Dog handler
- •Text 2 Word Study
- •What Does a k9 Officer Do?
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Drug Addiction
- •Text 2 Tackling the Drugs That Cause the Greatest Harm
- •Text 3 Почему наркотики это плохо?
- •Text 4 Drug Abuse: Problems and Solutions
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Drugs and the Law Part I
- •Part II
- •Part III
- •Part IV
- •Text 2
- •Individual Drug Links
- •Drug Use and Abuse
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Haitian Smugglers Raise the Stakes on Miami River
- •Text 4 Word Study
- •Text 5 a Major World Problem
- •Talking Points
- •Focus on Grammar
- •Starting Up
- •Word Study
- •Reading and Speaking
- •Text 1 Russia’s War on Drugs
- •Reviewing the Article Word Study
- •Heroin Addiction Is Still Shooting Up
- •Text 3 The us Law Enforcement Activities in the Struggle against Drugs
- •Talking Points
- •Listening and Speaking Activities
- •At the Customs
- •Role Plays
- •Reading for Information Part 1 The Family Pattern
- •Generation Gap
- •Part 2 Native City
- •Text 1 The History of Rostov- on-Don
- •The Sights of Rostov-on-Don
- •Text 3 Taganrog
- •Text 4 Azov
- •Text 5 Winter Day in Town
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •Text 2 State System of Russia
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •Part 4 Science and Technology Text
- •Text 2 London
- •Text 3 Scotland
- •Text 2 us Customs
- •Text 3 Canine Enforcement Programme
- •Text 4 u.S. Customs and Border Protection Inspection Technology and Equipment
- •Text 5 Australian Customs
- •Text 6 How Has Customs Changed?
- •Smuggling Tropical Fish
- •Smuggling Snakes
- •Cocaine Bananas
- •Useful Vocabulary Signs at the Airport
- •At the Airport
- •Documents
- •Штатные должности (Established Posts)
- •Отделы (Departments)
- •Fight against illicit traffic of narcotics
- •Grammar reference Краткий грамматический справочник Имя существительное (The Noun)
- •Артикль (The Article)
- •Имя прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Порядковые числительные
- •Местоимение (The Pronoun)
- •Указательные местоимения this / these, that / those
- •Наречие (The Adverb)
- •Глагол (The Verb)
- •Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Простое предложение (The Simple Sentence)
- •Косвенная речь (Reported Speech)
- •Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •Irregular verbs (таблица неправильных глаголов)
- •Keys (grammar tests)
- •References
Глагол (The Verb)
Глаголом называется часть речи, которая обозначает действие или состояние лица или предмета. Глагол в английском языке обладает гораздо более сложной, чем в русском, системой видовременных форм.
Времена действительного залога
Для выражения времени совершения действия – наcтоящего, прошедшего и будущего – английский глагол имеет своеобразную систему времен (Tenses).
The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
(Настоящее неопределенное время)
Present Indefinite обозначает постоянное, регулярное, повторяющееся, обычное действие, какой-либо факт или общеизвестную истину.
We live in Rostov-on-Don.
He works at the airport every day.
Present Indefinite no форме совпадает с инфинитивом глагола (без частицы to) во всех лицах, кроме 3-го лица ед. ч., принимающего окончание -s (-es).
Спряжение глаголов в Present Indefinite
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
||
I |
control |
I |
do not control |
Do I control? |
He She It |
controls |
He She It |
does not control |
Does he (she, it) control? |
We You They |
control |
We You They |
do not control |
Do we (you, they) control? |
The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
(Прошедшее неопределенное время)
Past Indefinite обозначает действие, которое происходило в прошлом. Это время употребляется при изложении событий, имевших место в прошлом.
Past Indefinite правильных глаголов образуется прибавлением окончания -ed к основе глагола. Past Indefinite неправильных глаголов образуется различными способами, указанными в специальных таблицах.
They came to their work and changed into uniform.
She came up to the window and opened it.
Спряжение глаголов в Pаst Indefinite
для всех лиц и чисел |
утвердитель-ная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
She examined/ wrote |
She didn’t examine/write |
Did she examine/ write? |
The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
(Будущее неопределенное время)
Future Indefinite употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится или будет совершаться в будущем.
I’ll go to the airport with you to meet our friends.
I’ll do the shopping.
Спряжение глаголов в Future Indefinite
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
I will ask |
I will not ask |
Will I ask? |
You will ask |
You will not ask |
Will you ask? |
He She will ask It |
He She will not ask It |
he Will she ask? it |
We will ask |
We shall not ask |
Will we ask? |
You will ask |
You will not ask |
Will you ask? |
They will ask |
They will not ask |
Will they ask? |
В современном английском языке существует устойчивая тенденция употреблять will для всех лиц, а в разговорной речи употребляется, как правило, только сокращённая форма вспомогательного глагола с личным местоимением.
I will come (I’ll come) to see you tomorrow.
Будущие действия передаются различными способами. Present Indefinite и Present Continuous могут выражать действия, относящиеся к ближайшему будущему, которое иногда обозначается обстоятельствами времени: tonight, next week, in a day, etc.
We are leaving for London tonight.
The steamer sails tomorrow at 8 o’clock.
Сочетание to be going + инфинитив передаёт будущее действие с оттенком намерения.
He is going to take part at the conference.
Эти способы выражения будущего действия очень часто употребляются в разговорной речи вместо Future Indefinite.
The Present Continuous Tense
(Настоящее длительное время)
Present Continuous обозначает действие:
происходящее в момент речи;
совершающееся в настоящий период времени, хотя и необязательно в момент речи;
будущее действие, если оно запланировано.
He is filling in a Customs form now.
The head of the Customs office is carrying on negotiations with Regional Customs.
Некоторые глаголы не употребляются в Present Continuous: глаголы, обозначающие чувственное восприятие (to see, to hear), умственную деятельность (to know, to believe, to remember, to understand); желания, чувства (to want, to wish, to like, to love, to dislike, to hate).
Спряжение глаголов в Present Continuous
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
I am reading |
I am not reading |
Am I reading? |
You are reading |
You are not reading |
Are you reading? |
He She, It is reading |
He She It is not reading |
he Is she reading? it |
We are reading |
We are not reading |
Are we reading? |
You are reading |
You are not reading |
Are you reading? |
They are reading |
They are not reading |
Are they reading? |
The Past Continuous Tense
(Прошедшее длительное время)
Past Continuous употребляется для выражения длительного действия, происходящего в определенный момент (или период времени) в прошлом; двух одновременных действий в прошлом:
The inspector was examining the premises of the ship at ten o’clock yesterday.
When I came, he was examining the passenger’s luggage.
Спряжение глаголов в Past Continuous
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
I was speaking |
I was not speaking |
Was I speaking? |
You were speaking |
You were not speaking |
Were you speaking? |
He She was speaking It |
He She was not speaking It |
he Was she speaking? it |
We were speaking |
We were not speaking |
Were we speaking? |
You were speaking |
You were not speaking |
Were you speaking? |
They were speaking |
They were not speaking |
Were they speaking? |
The Future Continuous Tense
(Будущее длительное время)
Future Continuous выражает будущее действие в процессе его совершения, т.е. незаконченное длительное действие. Оно употребляется также для выражения длительного действия, которое начнется до определенного момента в будущем, и все еще будет совершаться в этот момент.
The traveller will be going through the Customs control at eleven o’clock tomorrow.
Спряжение глаголов в Future Continuous
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
I shall be working |
I shall not be working |
Shall I be working? |
You will be working |
You will not be working |
Will you be working? |
He She will be working It |
He She will not be working It |
he Will she be it working? |
We shall be working |
We shall not be working |
Shall we be working? |
You will be working |
You will not be working |
Will you be working? |
They will be working |
They will not be working |
Will they be working? |
The Present Perfect Tense
(Настоящее совершенное время)
Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, совершившегося к настоящему моменту, результат которого имеется налицо в настоящем времени.
They have examined passengers’ baggage.
The customs officer on duty has sealed up all the premises that contained forbidden goods.
В этом значении Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями just – только что; already – уже; not yet – ещё нет; lately –
недавно, в последнее время; recently – недавно; today, this day – сегодня; this month – в этом месяце; this year – в этом году.
The passenger has just come to the airport.
Present Perfect может употребляться также с обстоятельственными словами, обозначающими еще не истекшие периоды времени – today, this week, this month, this century, for, since. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего времени, Present Perfect употребляется с некоторыми глаголами наряду с Present Perfect Continuous.
I have known him all my life.
I have lived in Rostov for ten years.
Present Perfect может употребляться с наречиями always, ever, never.
She has never been to London.
Have you ever been to Moscow?
Спряжение глаголов в Present Perfect
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
I have asked |
I have not asked |
Have I asked |
You have asked |
You have not asked |
Have you asked? |
He She has asked It |
He She has not asked It |
he Has she asked? it |
We have asked |
We have not asked |
Have we asked? |
You have asked |
You have not asked |
Have you asked? |
They have asked |
They have not asked |
Have they asked? |
The Past Perfect Tense
(Прошедшее совершенное время)
Past Perfect обозначает действие, завершившееся к определенному моменту в прошлом. Этот момент в прошлом может быть выражен предлогом by с указанием времени или частью сложноподчиненного предложения.
After the Customs officer had completed Customs formalities, he gave permit to depart.
Спряжение глаголов в Pаst Реrfесt
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
He had translated |
He had not translated |
Had he translated? |
The Future Perfect Tense
(Будущее совершенное время)
Future Perfect обозначает действие, которое завершится к определённому моменту в будущем или до начала другого действия в будущем.
He will have finished examining the baggage when I come.
Спряжение глаголов в Future Perfect
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
I will have done |
I will not have done |
Will I have done? |
You will have done |
You will not have done |
Will you have done? |
He She will have He done |
He She will not have He done |
he Will she have it done? |
We will have done |
We will not have done |
Will we have done? |
You will have done |
You will not have done |
Will you have done? |
They will have done |
They will not have done |
Will they have done? |
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
(Настоящее совершенное длительное время)
Present Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом и еще совершается в настоящее время. Оно употребляется с такими обозначениями времени, как for an hour, since five o’clock, since yesterday.
He has been studying German for a month.
Спряжение Present Perfect Continuous
утвердительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
вопросительная форма |
I have been working |
I have not been working |
Have I been working? |
You have been working |
You have not been working |
Have you been working? |
He has been She working It |
He has not been She working It |
Has he been she working? it |
We have been working |
We have not been working |
Have we been working? |
You have been working |
You have not been working |
Have you been working? |
They have been working |
They have not been working |
Have they been working? |
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(Прошедшее совершенное длительное время)
Past Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения длительного прошедшего действия, начавшегося ранее другого прошедшего действия, выраженного в Past Indefenite и еще происходившего в момент его совершения. Оно употребляется с такими обозначениями времени, как for two hours, for a long time.
He had been working for ten years at the Customs when he moved to another city.
Таблица времен английского глагола (активный залог)
Time Aspect |
Indefinite |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Perfect Continuous |
Present |
write writes
(every day, usually,as a rule,often, always) |
am writing is/are writing
( now, at present) |
have written has written
(ever, never, just, already, yet) |
have been writing has been writing
(for, since) |
Past |
wrote
(last year, yesterday, two months ago) |
was/were writing
(from 5 till 6 yesterday, at 5 o’clock) |
had written
(by 5 o’clock yesterday) |
had been writing
(for 2 hours when he came)
|
Future |
will write
(tomorrow, next year, next month) |
shall be writing will be writing
(from 5 till 6 tomorrow) |
will have written
(by 4 o’ clock tomorrow) |
will have been writing
(for 20 minutes) |