2. Read and translate the text paying attention to the vocabulary.

1. The object of administrative violation is traffic safety. To provide traffic safety, regulation of transport means traffic using traffic light signals and regulator's motions are foreseen by Traffic Rules. Drivers must follow requirements of regulator even if they differ from traffic light signals, traffic signs and marking requirements.

Regulator is a person authorized to regulate traffic and to fulfill this regulation with the help of signals, established by Rules. Regulator must wear uniform or have distinction mark and equipment. Regulators are police and traffic control police employees and also employees of traffic operational service, attendants at railway-crossings and ferry sites at the same time fulfilling their professional duties.

2. The objective aspect of violation is revealed in passing at restrictive signal of traffic light or at restrictive motion of regulator.

Restrictive signal of traffic light is understood as yellow signal which prohibits movement except the cases when drivers are allowed to further movement if they cannot stop and don't use emergency braking in the places defined by paragraph 6.13 of the Rules. Thus according to paragraph 6.13 at restrictive signal of traffic light (except reverse) or restrictive motion of regulator drivers must stop in front of stop line (sign 5.33), and in case of its absence drivers must stop at cross­road in front of crossing traffic way (taking into account paragraph 13.7 of the Rules) without causing troubles to pedestrians.

Restrictive motion of regulator is expressed in raising arm upward. Regulator can give other signals understandable for drivers and pedestrians by motions of arms. For better visibility of signals regulator can use baton or red signal disk (with cat's-eye). Requirement to stop transport means is given with the help of loud-speaker or by arm motion, directed to transport means; the driver must stop at a noted place.

According to the law violation has formal elements of a crime and is considered to be finished at the moment of passing at restrictive signal of traffic light or at restrictive motion of regulator.

Responsibility for passing at restrictive signal of traffic light or at restrictive motion of regulator in front of railway-crossing is established by part 1 of article 12.10 of the present Code (see commentary).

3. Answer the questions:

1. What is the object of administrative violation?

2. What provides traffic safety?

3. Must drivers always follow the requirements of regulator?

4. In which cases are the drivers allowed to further movement?

5. Where must the drivers stop according to paragraph 6.13?

6. What does raising arm mean?

7. Who must understand regulator except drivers?

8. What can be used for better visibility?

9. What does red signal prohibit?

10. In which cases can drivers use emergency braking?

4. Try to guess the meaning of the following words and word combination

Causing troubles to pedestrians, attendants, loud-speaker, distinction mark, baton, in front of railway-crossing, to establish, responsibility, emergency braking, to fulfill professional duties, ferry sites, except those cases, violation, employees of traffic operational service, prohibit further movement, taking into account, fulfilling their professional duties.