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министерство образования российской федерации

Государственное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

Московский физико-технический институт

(государственный университет)

Кафедра иностранных языков

Практическая грамматика научно-технического текста (английский язык) москва 2004

Составитель И. Н. Рукина

Практическая грамматика научно-технического текста (английский язык) /Сост. И.Н. Рукина. М.: МФТИ, 2004. – 60 с.

Составитель Ирина Николаевна Рукина

Корректор

Подписано в печать Формат 60 х 841/16. Бумага офсетная. Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 3,75. Уч.-изд. л. 3,75. Тираж 2000 экз. Заказ №

Государственное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

Московский физико-технический институт

(государственный университет)

Отдел автоматизированных издательских систем «физтех-полиграф»

141700, Московская обл., г. Долгопрудный, Институтский пер., 9

© Московский физико-технический институт, (государственный университет), 2004

сводная таблица употребления времен

ACTIVE VOICE

Present

Past

Future

Indefinite

ask

asked

s hall

ask

to ask

asks

will

Continuous

a m

w as

were

asking

s hall

will

be asking

to be asking

is

asking

are

Perfect

h ave

asked

had

asked

s hall

have asked

to have asked

has

will

Perfect

h ave

been

asking

had

been asking

s hall

have been asking

Continuous

has

will

PASSIVE VOICE

Present

Past

Future

Indefinite

a m

w as

were

asked

s hall

will

be asked

to be asked

is

asked

are

Continuous

a m

being

asked

w as

were

being

asked

s hall

will

be asked

to be being

asked

is

are

Perfect

h ave

been

had

been

s hall

will

have

been asked

to have been asked

has

asked

asked

согласование времен

he works

he worked

is working

was working

He says

he worked

He said

he had worked

( that)

was working

( that)

had been working

he will work

he would work

will be working

would be working

порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях

вопро­­си­тель­ное слово

вспомо­гатель­ный глагол

подле­жащее и его определение

смысло­вой глагол

допол­нение и его опреде­ление

обстоя­тель­ство

I

n

d

e

f

i

n

i

t

e

p

r

e

s

e

n

t

Who

What

what

Do

Does

do

do

you

he

you

you

write

write

writes

write

do

letters

letters

letters

regularly?

regularly?

regularly?

regularly?

regularly?

p

a

s

t

Who

When

What

Did

did

did

you (he)

you

you

write

wrote

write

do

a letter

a letter

a letter?

yesterday?

yesterday?

yesterday?

f

u

t

u

r

e

Who

When

What

Will

will

will

will

you (she)

you (she)

you (she)

write

write

write

do

a letter

a letter

a letter?

tomorrow?

tomorrow?

tomorrow?

c

o

n

t

i

n

u

o

u

s

p

r

e

s

e

n

t

Who

What

Are(is)

is

are

you (he)

you

writing

writing

doing

a letter

a letter

now?

now?

now?

p

a

s

t

Were

you

writing

a letter

when she came home?

Was

he

writing

a letter

-"-

Who

was

writing

a letter

-"-

What

were

you

doing

-"-

f

u

t

u

r

e

Will

you (he)

be writing

a letter

at 5 o’clock

tomorrow?

Who

will

be writing

a letter

-"-

What

will

you

be doing

-"-

вопро­­си­тель­ное слово

вспомо­гатель­ный глагол

подле­жащее и его определение

смысло­вой глагол

допол­нение и его опреде­ление

обстоя­тель­ство

p

e

r

f

e

c

t

p

r

e

s

e

n

t

Who

What

Have

Has

has

have

you

he

you

written

written

written

done

a letter

a letter

a letter

yet?

-"-

-"-

-"-

p

a

s

t

Had

you (he)

written

a letter

by 5 o’clock?

Who

had

written

-"-

by 5 o’clock?

What

had

you

done

by 5 o’clock?

By what time

had

you

written

-"- ?

f

u

t

u

r

e

Will

you

have

written

a letter

by 5 o’clock?

Who

will

-"-

-"-

-"-

By what time

will

you

-"-

-"-?

p c

e o

r n

f t

e i

c n

t u

o

u

s

p

r

e

s

e

n

t

Have

you

been writing

a letter

since 5 o’clock?

Has

he

-"-

-"-

for 20 minutes?

Who

has

-"-

-"-

-"-

How long

have

you

-"-

-"-?

порядок слов в вопросительных предло­жениях. страдательных залог (passive voice)

вопро­­си­тель­ное слово

вспомо­гательный глагол

подле­жащее и его определение

смысло­вой глагол

второстепенные

члены

предложения

I

n

d

e

f

i

n

i

t

e

p

r

e

s

e

n

t

Are

you

invited

to the

conference?

Is

he

-"-

Who

is

-"-

-"-

When

are (is)

you (he)

-"-

-"-

p

a

s

t

Were

you

invited

to the

conference?

Was

he(she)

-"-

Who

was

-"-

-"-

When

were (was)

you (he)

-"-

-"-

f

u

t

u

r

e

Will

you (he)

be invited

to the

conference?

Shall

I

-"-

-"-

Who

will

-"-

-"-

When

will

you

-"-

-"-

c

o

n

t

i

n

u

o

u

s

p

r

e

s

e

n

t

Is

the device

being tested

now?

Are

the devices

-"-

-"-

What

is

-"-

-"-

Why

are

the devices

-"-

-"-

p

a

s

t

Was

the device

being tested

when I came in?

Were

the devices

-"-

-"-

What

was

-"-

-"-

When

was

the device

-"-?

p

e

r

f

e

c

t

p

r

e

s

e

n

t

Has

the device

been tested

yet?

Have

the devices

-"-

-"-

What

has

-"-

-"-

By whom

has

the device

-"-

-"-

p

a

s

t

Had

the device

been tested

by 5 o’clock?

What

had

been done

-"-

By what time

had

the device

been tested?

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

Группа времен

to be + Participle II

Indefinite

the book

is

written

was

will be

Perfect

the book

has been

written

had been

will have been

Continuous

the book

is being

written

was being

THE PASSIVE VOICE

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