Translation № 5

1. It is the strong force that binds protons and neutrons together to form atomic nuclei but this force fails to affect leptons.

2. The photon is said to be a vector particle, a designation (being) given to any particle whose spin angular momentum, when measured in terms of fundamental units, is equal to 1.

3. Calculations carried out in accordance with the unified theories of matter suggest that the average density of matter in the universe today is consistent with the primordial (изначальный ) course of events the unified theories imply.

4. The problem is to find efficient procedures, which, if followed by the computer, would lead to an optimal solution.

5. The high-frequency ends of the plots happened to have departures from a simple Debye behaviour.

6. Furthermore, as far as the restriction imposed is concerned it might bе attributed to some excessive amounts of energy.

7. Formulating the theory of quantum electrodynamics and proving its consistency was a labor of some 20 yeas begun as early as in the 1920's by Dirac and essentially completed in about1948 by Feyman and others.

8. We should admit that there was no general argument concerning the nature of radiation, nor was there any convincing evidence in favour of the energy associated with the radiation.

9. A short discharge period creating the conditions needed for a reaction to occur is followed by cooling the reaction products due to interactions between the products and cold walls of the reactor.

10. The most plausible explanation for the blue- and red-shifted high-frequency flows is that they are not gravitationally confined. Instead, they are somehow being driven outward by the central object in two streams, one stream aimed roughly in our direction and the other aimed away from us.

11. The Voyager images suggested that all but one or possibly two of the moons of Saturn did rotate synchronously.

Translation № 6

1. Furthermore, from the requirements of the theory of Bohr it is to be anticipated that the theory of particles would be more accurate, the higher the speed of the particle.

2. The cause of a small discrepancy, amounting to only 43 seconds of arc ( дута ) per century (equivalent to less than twice the planet's diameter), between the advance in perihelion (перигелий ) predicted by Newton's theory and the advance actually observed is now generally ascribed to Mercury's being sufficiently close to the Sun for Newtonian gravitational theory to begin to fail.

3. Given the value of the field at each point, one can then calculate its intrinsic energy.

4. The creation of the necessary potential in the semiconductor substrate deserves some elaboration because of its being important to the charge-coupling (зарядовая связь) concept.

5. Moreover, additional statements would be required to specify in detail the way the results of the program are to be processed, particularly if the output is to be more elaborate than the list of values of X.

6. Enhancing the excitation of the electron was found to entail the latter changing its sublevel.

7. On being fed into the computer the instructions were executed in an exceedingly precise manner.

8. The equations defining the reflection and the refraction laws when expanded in terms of the cosine of the unknown angles yield algebraic equations of the eighth order.

9. During most of its life a star shines by acquiring the energy liberated by nuclear reaction in its core (ядро) in which hydrogen is converted into helium and subsequently into heavier elements. Great as this energy reserve is, it is finite, and sooner or later energy star is bound to reach a point in its life at which it essentially exhausts its supply of nuclear energy.

10. Had he allowed for the claim stated above, he would have expressed this coincidence in a more explicit fashion.