Тема 2: Industrial Enterprise (Rostselmash)

Задание 1. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

plant – завод

to produce – производить

cart – телега

rake – грабли

plough – плуг

factory – завод, фабрика

to manufacture – производить, выпускать

grain harvester – зерноуборочный комбайн

previous – предыдущий

efficiency – эффективность

reliability – надежность

to set tasks – ставить задачи

transition – переход

to develop – разрабатывать

to meet the requirements –

отвечать требованиям

direction – направление

production – производство

shop – цех, мастерская

outstanding – выдающийся

to reflect – отражать

trend – тенденция

is equipped – оснащен

machine-tool – станок

advanced – передовой

skilled – квалифицированный

experienced – опытный

capable – способный

contribution – вклад

enterprise – предприятие

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Подготовьтесь к пересказу.

The famous plant was founded in 1926 and began to produce carts, rakes, ploughs. In 1930 the factory manufactured its first grain harvester which was awarded the Grand Prix at the international exhibition in Paris.

In 60 years of its operation Rostselmash has developed several modernization programmes. Every new model was better than the previous one in efficiency, reliability and other performance characteristics.

The transition to the “Don” combine set super complex tasks before the factory. Within a short period of time the plant had to develop a new combine that would meet the requirements of scientific and technological progress. In the process of transition to the new model the factory worked out the principal directions of its technical policy:

• construction of new projects with the finance of the state;

• modernization of operating production shops.

This policy has led to outstanding results. Within five years the plant developed the machine reflecting the latest trends in international agricultural engineering. Rostselmash is equipped with high production machine-tools, industrial robots, automatic control systems. Advanced technologies are widely used at the plant The factory specialists are skilled and experienced but Rostselmash needs well-educated young engineers and managers capable to make their contribution to further development of the enterprise.

II. Контрольные задания по грамматике Вариант 1

1. Определите вид причастия:

1. Having finished the experiment we discussed the results.

2. Speaking they entered the room. a) Причастие I

3. When done the task seemed very easy. b) Причастие II

4. This is the latest model of printing machine.

2. Укажите предложения, содержащие герундий:

1. Most people enjoy travelling.

2. Building is very old profession. a) да

3. It is an instrument showing the time.

4. What are you doing here? b) нет

5. Do you like swimming?

3. Выберите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутых слов:

3.1 The problem discussed at the conference was of great importance.

a) обсуждающая b) обсужденная

3.2 Having read the book I returned it to the library.

a) прочитав b) читая

3.3 High accuracy provided by computers saves much time.

a) обеспечивая b) обеспечиваемая

3.4 While leaving the cinema people were talking about the film.

a) выходящие b) выходя

3.5 We watched him writing the exercise.

a) писал b) пишущий

3.6 This machine needs repairing.

a) ремонт b) ремонтирующий

3.7 On repairing the machine we started it again.

a) отремонтируем b) отремонтировав

4. Определите вид -ing формы:

4.1 Many students are interested in learning English. a) причастие I

4.2 The building will be built in 2 years. b) герундий

4.3 It is one of the problems being of interest to us. c) существит.

4.4 Your book is as interesting as mine d) прилагат.

4.5 Russian scientists are working at the problem now.

5. Определите вид -ed формы:

1. Here is the letter addressed to you.

2. The professor addressed the students. a) причастие II

3. Our lab is well equipped. b) глагол в Past Simple

4. The text translated at the lesson was not difficult.

6. Определите тип причастного оборота.

6.1 A letter lying on the table must be posted. а) зависимый

6.2 The lesson being over, everybody left the classroom. причаст. оборот

6.3 We sat in the garden speaking about our journey. b) независимый

6.4 He showed us some magazines received by their library. причаст. оборот

6.5 Arriving at the station they called the porter.

6.6 It being very dark, she could see nothing there.

6.7 The students translating this article at the exam used dictionaries.

6.8 Having been in London for a week I could tell them many interesting facts.

6.9 Mary found the key lost by me yesterday.

6.10 Being packed in strong cases the goods arrived in perfect condition.

7. Выберите правильный перевод английских предложений:

7.1 My mother was cooking dinner, my sister helping her.

1. Моя мама готовила обед и помогала моей сестре.

2. Моя мама готовила обед, а моя сестра ей помогала.

7.2 The problems being discussed now are very important.

1. Обсудить эти проблемы сейчас очень важно.

2. Проблемы, обсуждаемые сейчас, очень важны.

7.3 He left the room seen by no one.

1. Он вышел из комнаты никем не замеченный.

2. Он вышел из комнаты, никого не увидев там.

8. Выберите правильный перевод русских предложений:

8.1 Я исправил все ошибки, сделанные мной в контрольной работе.

1. The mistakes being made by me in the test paper, I have to correct them.

2. I have corrected all the mistakes made by me in the test paper.

8.2 Написав письмо, она пошла на почту.

1. The letter having been written, she went to the post office.

2. Having written the letter she went to the post office.

8.3 После того, как хром был добавлен, прочность стали увеличилась.

1. Chromium having been added, strength of steel increased.

2. Chromium is added to increase strength of steel.

III. Текст и задания к нему Вар.1

Задание 1. Переведите текст в письменном виде.

Industrial Engineering and Automation

A major advance in 20-th century manufacturing was the development of mass production techniques. Mass production refers to manufacturing process in which the assembly line, usually the conveyer belt, moves the product to stations where each worker performs a limited number of operations until the product is assembled. In the automobile assembly plant such systems have reached a highly-developed form. A complex system of conveyer belts and chain drives moves car parts to workers who perform a lot of assembling tasks.

Mass production increases efficiency and productivity to a point beyond which the monotony of repeating an operation over and over again slows down the workers. Many ways were tried to increase productivity on assembly lines: some of them are as superficial as piping music into the plant or painting the industrial apparatus in bright colours; others entail giving workers more variety in their tasks and more responsibility for their product. These human factors are important considerations for industrial engineers who must try to balance an efficient system of manufacturing with the complex needs of workers.

Another factor for the industrial engineer to consider is whether each manufacturing process can be automated on the whole or in part. Automation is a term to describe processes by which machines do tasks previously performed by people. Automation was first applied to industry with continuous production process such as refining petroleum, making petrochemicals, and refining steel. A later development was computer-controlled automation of assembly line manufacturing, especially those in which quality control was an important factor.

The truly automated devices must possess one or more of the following elements: system approach, programmability, feedback. With a system approach, factories which make things by passing them through successive stages of manufacturing without people intervening to transfer lines, are considered automated systems. With programmability a system can do more than one kind of job. An industrial robot is an automated machine. It works automatically and the operator can reprogram the computer that controls it to make the machine do different things. Finally, feedback makes an automatic device vary its routine according to changes that take place around it. Some examples of devices with feedback are robots with “vision” or other sensors that can “see” or “feel” what they are doing.

Задание 2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту.

1) What equipment can be used in mass production? 2) What ways were tried to increase productivity on assembly lines? 3) Where was automation applied first?

4) What features must automated devices possess? Give examples.

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