5. Recruitment. The Letter of Application.

When a company needs to recruit or employ new people, it may decide to advertise the job or position in the appointing page of a newspaper. People who are interested can then apply for the job by sending a letter of application and curriculum vitae containing details of their education and experience. Then the candidates will be interviewed. Many experts give different helpful hints on the problem of job interviewing, but the main are the same. Let’s list the most important hints for the candidate:

1. The character of the interviewee (his intelligence, suitability for that job or position)

2. The appearance of the interviewee (it’s important to be neat and tidy, know good manners and be polite)

3. The knowledge of the company (its structure, traditions, specialization of the company etc.)

4. The reaction to questioning (the candidate is advised not to be a yes-man or a yes-woman and to try to have a real dialogue with the interviewer)

5. The behavior of the candidate (the interviewer is advised to think over the questions to the manager beforehand, to listen to the interviewer and to make a serious conversation)

These are the hints. Now let’s talk about the documents needed.

1. First of all, a letter of application (LoA). There the candidates normally write about yourself, your education, your professional skills that can be useful for your future position, about their willingness to have an interview and to work in the company (if the results of the interview are good). Usually there are 3-4 paragraphs in the LoA.

2. Then goes a CV. This is the main document, where the interviewer can find the personal and educational details, tj read about the references, skills and interests of the candidate.

6. Markets and monopolies. Markets. Competition. Monopoly. (Unit 5.

ex. 5.3)

In a market economy, the actions of buyers and sellers set the prices of goods and services. Whenever people who are willing to sell a commodity contact people willing to buy it, a market for that commodity is created. Buyers and sellers meet in person, or they may communicate by letter, by phone or through their agents. In a perfect market there can be only one price for a given commodity: the lowest price which sellers will accept and the highest which consumers will pay. Competition influences the prices prevailing in the market. Although in a perfect market competition is unrestricted and sellers are numerous, free competition and large numbers of sellers are not always available in the real world. In some markets there may only be one seller or a very limited number of sellers. Such a situation is called a "monopoly". It is possible to distinguish in practice four kinds of monopoly.

State planning and central control of the economy often mean that a state government has the monopoly of important goods and services. A different kind of monopoly arises when a country has control over major natural resources or important services. Such monopolies can be called natural monopolies. Legal monopolies occur when the law of a country permits certain producers, authors and inventors a full monopoly over the sale of their own products. These types of monopoly are distinct from the sole trading opportunities. This action is often called "cornering the market" and is illegal in many countries.

In the market systems, competition answers the basic questions of what, how, for whom, and how much. Competition among producers is for the highest profits. Competition among consumers is for the best goods and services at the lowest prices.

In a market economy three basic resources - land, labour and capital - are bought and sold for the best price. Market for labour is constantly changing. We can also see competition on this market. So, as we can say, competition is a motive force of progress.