Темы по английскому
1.Inventors of the world + //
2.Engineering Profession + //
3.Engineering materials + Женя //
4.Machine Building + //
5.Material Technology=Nanotechnology + //
6.Machine and Work + Маша Д //
7.Robot + Ева //
8.Enviromental Problem + //
9.Computers + //
10.свободная тема
Engineering materials
Materials play important role in construction and production of the equipment and tools.
New materials have been among the greatest achievements of every age.
Just new materials open the door to new technologies, whether they are in civil, chemical, construction or any other sphere.
New physics emerge because of the diverse new material properties which need to be explained.
Materials science has driven the development of revolutionary technologies such as plastics, semiconductors, and biomaterials.
Before the 1960s, many materials science departments were named metallurgy departments, from a 19th and early 20th century emphasis on metals.
The field has since broadened to include every class of materials, including ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, magnetic materials, medical implant materials and biological materials.
The definition of the academic field of Materials Science & Engineering stems from a realization the every application of materials: it is the properties of the material that give it value.
A material may be chosen for its strength, its electrical properties, resistance to heat or corrosion, or a host of other reasons.
Experience shows that all of the useful properties of a material are intimately related to its structure.
Most importantly, we can learn how this structure, and the resulting properties, are controlled by the processing of the material.
Also materials must perform their tasks in an economical and societally responsible areas.
Understanding the relationships between properties, structure, processing and performance makes the Materials Engineer the master of the engineering universe.
Materials science and engineering influences our lives each time we buy or use a new device, machine, or structure.
It is possible to sum up that materials have been central to the growth, prosperity, security, and quality of life of humans since the beginning of history.
Конструкционные материалы/ материаловедение
Материалы играют важную роль в строительстве и производстве оборудования и инструментов.
Новые материалы были одними из величайших достижений любого поколения.
Именно новые материалы открывают дверь к новым технологиям, находятся ли они в гражданской, химической, строительной или любой другой сфере.
Новая физика возникает из-за различных новых свойств материалов, которые должны быть объяснены.
Материаловедение привело к развитию революционных технологий, таких как пластмассы, полупроводники и биоматериалы.
До 1960-х годов многие отделы материаловедения назывались металлургией, в 19-м и начале 20-го века делающей акцент на металлы.
С тех пор эта область распространена на каждый класс материалов, в том числе керамику, полимеры , полупроводники , магнитные материалы , медицинские имплантаты и биологические материалы.
Определение научной области материаловедения и инженерного дела связано с реализацией каждого применения материалов: это свойства материала, что придать ему значения.
Материал может быть выбран из-за его прочности, электрических свойств, стойкости к нагреву и коррозии, и целого ряда других причин.
Опыт показывает, что все полезные свойства материала, тесно связаны с его структурой.
Самое главное, мы можем изучить, как эта структура, и в результате свойства, контролируются при обработке материала.
Также материалы должны выполнять свои задачи в экономической и социальной области.
Понимание связи между свойствами, структурой, обработкой и производительностью превращает инженера-материаловеда в ведущего инженерной Вселенной.
Материаловедение влияет на нашу жизнь каждый раз, когда мы покупаем или используем новое устройство, машину или конструкцию.
Можно подвести итог, что материалы имеют центральное значение для роста, процветания, безопасности и качества жизни людей с самого начала истории.
Machine and Work.
1) In general, there are two ways of making products, one is by hand and the other is by machine.
2) Obviously, that products can be manufactured (can be made) easily and efficiently by machine.
3) But for me, I prefer hand-made products for their features of individualism and flexibility.
4) First of all, hand-made products are more unique and personal.
5) For example take birthday cards (открытки).
6) Usually, cards, which sell in the market serially (a lot) are monotonous and same.
7) But we can find in the market well-chosen images printed on a self-made card, and we can surely see the difference betweens the cards.
8) Due to its uniqueness, the self-designed card will be valuable for the person who receives (get, take) it.
9) What is more, garments made by hand (handmade clothing) are fitter than machine made ones.
10) Although men’s suits and lady’s dresses can easily be found in shops that sell machine-made clothes, many people go for tailor-made clothing because tailors can make those clothes precisely (точно) according to individual customer’s measurement and styles.
11) Obviously, such clothing is more expensive, but quality and unique.
12) Finally, producing items by hand is more flexible. It releases people from limited that are necessary for machine-made manufacturing.
13) For example, in hand-made pottery making, people can create new designs at any time. However, in machine manufacturing, modes should be set in advance, and afterward all finished products are based on the same modes and have completely the same looks.
14) If a different look is needed, firstly people must re - produce the modes.
Moreover, there are still some items that cannot be produced by machine because there are no matched modes.
15) To sum up (in conclusion), doing work by hand is more flexible than by machine in most cases, so I prefer products that are made by hand.