Лабораторная № 2
.docАгенство по образованию РФ
СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»
Кафедра МО ЭВМ
Лабораторная работа № 2
Сетевой уровень: статическая маршрутизация
Выполнил студент
группы 4351
Кузьменко А.
Санкт-Петербург
2007
Лабораторная работа № 2.
Сетевой уровень: статическая маршрутизация.
Цель: изучение методов статической маршрутизации в IP-сетях. Обучение управлению таблицами маршрутизации на узлах сетевого уровня.
Общие сведения. Маршрутизация – процесс определения маршрута следования пакетов данных в компьютерных сетях. Маршрутизатор – сетевое устройство, используемое в сетях передачи данных, которое, на основании информации о топологии сети (таблицы маршрутизации) и определенных правил, принимают решения о пересылке пакетов сетевого уровня их получателю. Существует два типа машрутизации:
-
Статическая – осуществляется на основе таблиц маршрутизации, задаваемых администратором.
-
Динамическая – осуществляется с помощью протоколов маршрутизации. Применение протокола маршрутизации позволяет избежать ручного ввода всех маршрутов, что снижает оличество ошибок и обеспечивает согласованность действий всех маршрутизаторов в сети.
Чтобы по адресу сети назначения можно было бы выбрать маршрут дальнейшего следования пакета, каждый узел анализирует таблицу маршрутизации. Простейшая таблица маршрутизации включает в себя информацию об узле (сети) назначения, интерфейсе, через который следует направить пакет и шлюзе – удаленом узле, которому будет передан пакет.
Выполнение задания.
Схема сети:
Конфигурация TCP/IP для каждого из узлов:
-
Name
Interface
IP Adress
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
PC1
eth0
192.115.128.1
255.255.255.0
192.115.128.2
R1
eth0
192.115.128.2
255.255.255.0
192.115.120.2
R1
eth1
192.115.120.1
255.255.255.0
192.115.120.2
R2
eth0
192.115.120.2
255.255.255.0
192.115.112.3
R2
eth1
192.115.112.1
255.255.255.0
192.115.112.3
R3
eth0
192.115.120.3
255.255.255.0
192.115.120.1
R3
eth1
192.115.112.2
255.255.255.0
192.115.120.1
PC2
eth0
192.115.112.4
255.255.255.0
192.115.112.2
R4
eth0
192.115.112.3
255.255.255.0
192.115.108.2
R4
eth1
192.115.108.1
255.255.255.0
192.115.108.2
R7
eth0
192.115.108.2
255.255.255.0
192.115.96.2
R7
eth1
192.115.96.1
255.255.255.0
192.115.96.2
R6
eth0
192.115.96.2
255.255.255.0
192.115.96.1
R6
eth1
192.115.88.1
255.255.255.0
192.115.96.1
PC3
eth0
192.115.88.2
255.255.255.0
192.115.88.1
Таблица маршрутизации узла R4:
Destination Gateway Genmask Type Iface
192.115.128.0 192.115.112.2 255.255.255.0 0 eth0
default 192.115.108.3 0.0.0.0 0 eth0
Таблица маршрутизации узла R7:
Destination Gateway Genmask Type Iface
192.115.128.0 192.115.108.1 255.255.255.0 0 eth0
default 192.115.96.2 0.0.0.0 0 eth0
192.115.112.0 192.115.108.1 255.255.255.0 0 eth0
Таблица маршрутизации узла PC2:
Destination Gateway Genmask Type Iface
default 192.115.112.2 0.0.0.0 0 eth0
192.115.88.0 192.115.112.3 255.255.255.0 0 eth0
Результаты эхо-запросов (сетевой уровень – network layer):
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC1 |
Echo Request Packet |
Network |
Created Echo Request packet to 192.115.112.4 |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.128.2). |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.120.2). |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.112.4). |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC2 |
Echo Reply Packet |
Network |
Created Echo Reply packet to 192.115.128.1 |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.112.2). |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.120.1). |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.128.1). |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:57:31-796 |
PC1 |
Echo Reply Packet |
Network |
Echo reply packet received from 192.115.112.4 |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC1 |
Echo Request Packet |
Network |
Created Echo Request packet to 192.115.88.2 |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.128.2). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.120.2). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending broadcast packet from ProtocolStack. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.112.1). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.112.3). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending broadcast packet from ProtocolStack. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.108.1). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.108.3). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending broadcast packet from ProtocolStack. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.96.1). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.96.2). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending broadcast packet from ProtocolStack. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.88.1). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.88.2). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC3 |
Echo Reply Packet |
Network |
Created Echo Reply packet to 192.115.128.1 |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.88.1). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.96.1). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.108.1). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending broadcast packet from ProtocolStack. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
PC2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.112.3). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.112.2). |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-328 |
R3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.120.1). |
|
23:58:50-343 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-343 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
23:58:50-343 |
R1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.128.1). |
|
23:58:50-343 |
PC1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
23:58:50-343 |
PC1 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
23:58:50-343 |
PC1 |
Echo Reply Packet |
Network |
Echo reply packet received from 192.115.88.2 |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
Echo Request Packet |
Network |
Created Echo Request packet to 192.115.88.2 |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending broadcast packet from ProtocolStack. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.112.4). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R3 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R2 |
ARP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.112.3). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.108.3). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.96.2). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.88.2). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC3 |
Echo Reply Packet |
Network |
Created Echo Reply packet to 192.115.112.4 |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC3 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Sending packet from ProtocolStack (to 192.115.88.1). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R6 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.96.1). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R7 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.108.1). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Packet Received: Network Layer Device is Routable forwarding packet. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
R4 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Forwarding packet from ProtocolStack(to 192.115.112.4). |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
ProtocolStack received packet from local Interface. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
ICMP_packet |
Network |
Confirmed Packet is for this Network Layer Device. |
|
00:00:15-328 |
PC2 |
Echo Reply Packet |
Network |
Echo reply packet received from 192.115.88.2 |