Hazardous substances are classified into:

• industrial poisons (ethylene dichloride, propane, butane, etc.);

• pesticides in agriculture (pesticides, etc.);

• medicines;

• household chemicals;

• biological and animal venoms;

• toxic substances (VX, sarin, etc.).

108 According to classification of industrial pollutants, what is the Grade for MPC > 10 m²/m³? Grade 4 - MPC> 10 m2/m3;

109. What is the range of acoustic vibrations? Acoustic vibrations in the range of 16-20 MHz - sound, with a frequency of less than 16 Hz - infrasound, above 20 kHz - ultrasound. GOST 12.1.003 - 83 and CH 2.2.4.12.1.8 562 - 96.

110. What is the permissible level of tension for magnetic field in the workplace? The tension in the workplace should not exceed 8 kA / m (CH-1742 - 77). For an electrostatic field (ESF) allowable level of tension - 60 kV / m.

111. According to classification of a single beam what is the stage for irradiation levels 200-400 R? II Stage - 200 - 400 rad;

112. Which law does regulate the environmental impact assessment in order to prevent the negative impact of administrative, economic and other activities on the environment, life and health of the population of the RK? Law "On Environmental Protection", and 18 March 1997 adopted the Law "On Environmental Assessment".

This law regulates social relations in the field of environmental assessment in order to prevent the negative impact of administrative, economic and other activities on the environment, life and health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

113. When was the Law "On Ecological Expertise" adopted?

114. What is referred to as a mandatory measure to protect the environment, which is conducted to verify compliance with economic and other activities prior to making economic decisions? The State Environmental Assessment (SEA) – is a mandatory measure to protect the environment, which is conducted to verify compliance with economic and other activities of society prior to making economic decisions.

115. What are basic principles of environmental impact assessment? Basic principles of environmental impact assessment:

• presumption of potential environmental danger of any economic or other activities; • mandatory of state environmental assessment before making decisions on the implementation of the object of environmental expertise; • the complexity of assessing the impact of economic and other activities on the environment; • independent experts of environmental expertise in carrying out their responsibilities; • scientific validity, objectivity and legitimacy of the conclusions of environmental impact assessment; • transparency, participation of public organizations (associations), responsiveness to public opinion; • responsible parties for environmental impact assessment of its quality.

116. What is the central executive body entrusted with the duty of the examination in environmental impact assessment? The main public body entrusted with the duty of the examination – is the General Directorate of Environmental Review and Radiation Environment of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR) and its local bodies.

117. What is the central executive body that regulates licenses in due course on environmental design, regulation and working in the field of environmental expertise? The Law "On Environmental Assessment" pays much attention to a competence of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection, which: 9. Regulates licenses in due course on environmental design, regulation and working in the field of environmental expertise.

118. What is the public body that has the right to reject given the environmental review materials that do not meet the necessary standards and regulations? The RK Law "On Environmental Assessment" gives them the following rights: • reject given the environmental review materials that do not meet the necessary standards and regulations

119. What is the difference between the state ecological assessment and the public environmental review? In subjects: • State environmental assessment is conducted by the central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection and its field offices. The state environmental impact assessment is carried out by: a) staff members of the expert services of the central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection and its field offices; b) expert commissions established by the central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection and its field offices with the involvement of external experts; c) interdisciplinary expert commissions established by the central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection. • Public environmental assessment is carried out on a voluntary basis by expert commissions established at the initiative of individual groups, associations and scientific organizations. Governance of public associations in the field of environmental impact assessment carried out environmental impact assessment in accordance with the statutes and regulations and with the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

By the nature of binding: • State environmental assessment is mandatory and must precede the adoption of legal, institutional and economic decisions regarding natural resources and the impact on the environment and public health. Without a positive conclusion of state environmental assessment the project is prohibited. Conclusions and proposals of the state environmental examination after its adoption by the central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection are mandatory on all natural and legal persons.

120. What is referred to as “a standard - technical document that includes data on the use of resources by company, expressed through a system of indicators, and on detection of its impacts on the environment”? Environmental Passport of an enterprise is a standard - technical document that includes data on the use of resources by company, expressed through a system of indicators, and on detection of its impacts on the environment.

121. What are the sections of the Environmental Passport of an enterprise? Title page; - General information about the company; - Brief climatic characteristics; - Brief description of production technology and information products; - Balance scheme of material flow; - Information about the use of land resources; - Characterization of raw materials and resources used; - Characterization of emissions into the atmosphere; - Characteristics of water consumption and wastewater; - Characterization of waste; - Information about land reclamation; - Information about the transport company; - Information about the ecological and economic activities of enterprises.

In accordance with applicable law, the company must evaluate their efforts to use natural resources and the impact on the environment, planning and implementation of environmental activities under the control of local administration bodies and Ministry of Natural Resources.

Environmental Passport is developed by an enterprise at the expense of its funds and by the manager of the company in consultation with local authorities and the territorial authority of Ministry of Natural Resources, where it is registered.

The basis for development of ecological passports are key indicators of production, the draft settlement MPE, MPD rules, permission for use of natural resources, passports gas and wastewater treatment plants and recycling and waste management, forms of state statistical reporting and other legal and regulatory technical documents. Environmental passport does not replace or supersede existing forms and types of public accountability.

122. What is referred to as “ an area, within which there were massive destruction people, farm animals and plants by highly toxic substances”? A lesion of HTS is called an area, within which there were massive destruction people, farm animals and plants by HTS.

123. What is the way of penetration of harmful substances into the body in majority of occupational poisoning? The overwhelming majority of occupational poisoning is due to inhalation penetration into the body of harmful substances, which is the most dangerous, since a large suction surface of the pulmonary alveoli, intensively washed with the blood, causes a very fast and nearly seamless penetration of poisons to the most important vital centers.

124. Which toxic substances do cause the development of chronic phase of poisoning? Chronic intoxication caused by the intake of small amounts of venom and associated with the development of pathological phenomena only under condition of the long-term exposure, sometimes by several years. Most industrial poisons cause both acute and chronic poisoning. However, some toxic substances usually cause the development of second (chronic) phase of poisoning (lead, mercury, manganese).

In addition to the specific poisoning, the toxic action of harmful chemicals can contribute to the overall weakening of the organism, in particular, to the reduction of resistance to infection. For example, it is known the relationship between the development of influenza, sore throats, pneumonia and presence in the body of toxic substances such as lead, hydrogen sulfide, benzene and others. Poisoning by irritating gases can greatly exacerbate latent tuberculosis, etc

125. What are measures to prevent occupational poisoning? Prominent among medical means, used in case of occupational poisoning, is introduction of glucose. In addition to the beneficial effect of glucose on metabolism and nutrition of the heart muscle, it stimulates glycogen biosynthetic function of liver, which has a great importance in the process of neutralization of poisons. Technological measures include such as the introduction of continuous technologies, automation and mechanization of production processes, remote control, sealing of equipment, replacement of hazardous processes and operations with less hazardous and safe.

Sanitary measures: equipment of workplace with local exhaust ventilation or portable local suction devices, shelter of equipment with solid dustproof casings with an effective aspiration of air, etc.

When the technological, sanitary measures are not completely exclude the presence of harmful substances in the air and methods and devices for their control are absent, the following medical activities are carried out: organizing and conducting preliminary and periodic medical check-ups, breathing exercises, alkaline inhalations, provision of preventive food and milk, etc.

Particular attention in these cases should be given to the use of a personal protective equipment (PPE) primarily for respiratory protection (filtering and insulating masks, respirators, goggles, special clothing).

126. What is the most important mean to provide first aid in acute poisoning according to a pathogenetic therapy? The most important means of pathogenetic therapy - is the use of oxygen at all intoxications, leading to the emergence of oxygen deficiency in the organism. It should be emphasized that in the leading clinic of many professional poisoning is the syndrome of insufficient oxygen. Oxygen should be applied already at the first signs of oxygen deficiency, the most effective is its early, timely and prolonged enough application.

Prominent among medical means, used in case of occupational poisoning, is introduction of glucose. In addition to the beneficial effect of glucose on metabolism and nutrition of the heart muscle, it stimulates glycogen biosynthetic function of liver, which has a great importance in the process of neutralization of poisons.

127. Which of these gases are combustible gases? Ammonia (liquefied) CHLORINE Hydrochloric acid: Not combustible Combustible gases include natural gas, methane, butane, propane and hydrogen.

128. What is referred to as “the neutralization and removal of chemical agents from the skin of people, as well as personal protective clothing and footwear”? Sanitization

129. What are the principal means of protecting the population against biological weapons? The principal means of protecting the population against biological weapons include: vaccine- serum, antibiotics, sulfamide drugs and other substances used for special and emergency prevention of infectious diseases, personal and collective protection used for decontamination of chemical agents.

Lesions of biological damage are cities, towns and sites of national economy, which have been subjected to the direct effects of bacterial (biological) agents, creating a source of spread of infectious diseases. Its boundary is determined on the basis of biological exploration, laboratory testing of samples from environmental objects, as well as the identification of patients and pathways of spread of infectious diseases. Around the lesions the armed guards are set to prevent the entry and exit, as well as the removal of property.

130. What measures are used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases among the population in the focus of the lesion? To prevent the spread of infectious diseases among the population, complex epidemiological and hygienic measures are developed in the focus of the lesion: emergency prevention; sanitation of the population; different disinfection of contaminated sites. If necessary the insects, mites and rodents are destroyed (Pest and rodent control). The main forms of struggle against epidemics are observation and quarantine. 131. Which International act did ban production and use of Biological Weapons in any form? International Convention on 1972 Biological Weapons (Biological Weapons Convention) banned its production and use in any form. In 1980, the U.S. argued that the only country that violates the Convention - is the Soviet Union.

132. When did Kazakhstan's Parliment ratify the Bioweapons Convention? Kazakhstan's Parliment Ratifies Bioweapons Convention in 2007.

133. What was the largest field test site for biological weapons in the former Soviet Union? The Soviet Union’s largest field test site for biological weapons was on Vozrozhdeniye Island, now a peninsula, in the Aral Sea, where weapons armed with anthrax, plague, tularemia, and smallpox were tested.

134. What kinds of the bacterial (biological) agents can be used to infect people? to infect people: agents of bacterial diseases (plague, tularemia, brucellosis, anthrax, cholera); agents of viral diseases (smallpox, yellow fever, Venezuelan encephalomyelitis of horses);

135. What kinds of the bacterial (biological) agents can be used for the destruction of plants? for the destruction of plants: cereal rust pathogens, potato late blight, maize late wilting and other crops; pests of agricultural plants; phytotoxicants, defoliants, herbicides and other chemicals.

136. Which of the listed diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria? The pathogenic bacteria such as anthrax, botulism, tetanus, etc. have the ability to form spores. an diseases such as plague, cholera, anthrax, glanders, meliodiosis etc. belong to the class of bacteria. Food poisoning - Escherichia ColiStrep throat - Streptococcus pyogenesTuberculosis - Mycobacterium tuberculosisLegionnaire's disease - Legionella pneumoniaeCholera - Vibrio choleraSyphilis - Treponema pallidumGonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhoeaeAnthrax - Bacillus anthracisBubonic plague - Yersinia pestisRespiratory Tract Infections - Moraxella catarrhalis

137. Which measure is to apply with establishing the fact of the use of bacteriological weapons of particularly dangerous pathogens (plague, cholera, etc.)? Pathogens can enter the human body in various ways: by inhalation of contaminated air, when eating contaminated food and water, by ingestion of microbes into the bloodstream through open wounds and burns of the surface, from bites of infected insect and at contact with sick people, animals, infected objects not the use of just at the time of bacterial (biological) agents, but also long after their application, if sanitation of the personnel was not carried out. The common symptoms of many infectious diseases are high body temperature and a significant weakness, as well as the rapid dissemination, resulting in a focal hearth of diseases and poisoning. Successful defense against biological weapons depends also on the degree of population immunity to infectious diseases and toxins. Immunity can be achieved above all by the general strengthening of the body by systematic hardening and physical education and sports, even in peacetime, these measures should be the rule for the entire population.

Immunity is also achieved by carrying out specific prevention, which is usually carried out in advance by vaccination, and vaccination of sera. In addition, directly under threat of destruction (or after infection) by bacterial agents the antimicrobial means № 1 of the kit AI-2 should be used. Immediate protection of personnel in the period of bacteriological (biological) attack is provided by the use of individual and collective protection, as well as the use of emergency prevention, available in individual kits.

Personnel located in the hearth of bacteriological (biological) infection should not only timely and correctly use protective equipment, but strictly comply with the rules of personal hygiene:

Do not remove PPE without the permission of the commander, do not touch the arms and military hardware and property before their disinfection; do not use water sources and food products, located at the source of infection, do not raise dust, do not go to the bushes and thick grass, do not come into contact with the personnel of military units and civilians not affected by bacterial (biological) agents, and do not to pass them on food, water, uniforms, equipment and other property; immediately report to the commander and seek for medical attention at the first signs of the disease (headache, malaise, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, etc).

138. When is sanitization of persons carried out in areas of quarantine and observation? Sanitization of persons involved in the implementation of these activities is carried out after disinfection, disinsection and deratisation are being completed. If necessary, sanitation of the rest of the population is organized as well. At the same time, identification of sick people and even at any suspicion for disease is conducted in the quarantine zone (observation). Signs of disease include fever, feeling unwell, headache, rash, etc. Upon the patient is isolated in a special hospital, the apartment is disinfected as well as all the belongings. All people contacted with the sick must pass sanitary treatment and are isolated (at home or in special rooms).

139. When was the Vozrozhdeniye military site officially closed? 18 January 1992 The Supreme Soviet of newly independent Kazakhstan issues the edict "On Urgent Measures for Radically Improving the Living Conditions of Aral Area Residents," under which the Vozrozhdeniye military site is officially closed.

140. When was an amendment to a bilateral agreement signed by the USA and Kazakhstan to expand cooperation against the threat of bioterrorism through the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program? 8 December 2004

141. What is the main damaging factor of nuclear explosion? The shock wave of a nuclear explosion - one of the main damaging factors

142. What is the main harmful effect of light radiation of a nuclear explosion? The main harmful effect of LRNE is thermal damage that occurs at a temperature rise of the irradiated surface to a certain level. Thermal damage causes burns to skin and eyes. In some cases, the lethality of LRNE is associated with the occurrence of photochemical processes (temporarily blinding people).

143. What are components of ionizing radiation of a nuclear explosion? several components: 1) prompt gamma rays accompanying the nuclear reaction (almost completely absorbed by elements of the munitions); 2) the secondary gamma radiation produced by inelastic scattering and capture of neutrons, the radiation effects on ground targets almost instantaneously;

3) delayed gamma-radiation accompanying the radioactive decay of fission fragments, the duration of radiation determined by the speed of the fireball and radioactive cloud, as well as the decline of radioactive fission products.

144. What are the features of acute radiation sickness in the predominantly neutron irradiation? Among the features of acute radiation sickness in the predominantly neutron irradiation are: 1) rough and earlier primary response to irradiation than the corresponding severity of acute radiation sickness caused by uniform gamma-irradiation; 2) early loss of the ability of the injured to active actions at high doses; 3) a shorter latent period, during which already at 2-5 days may develop diarrhea, often with an admixture of blood, and vomiting; 4) earlier appearance of clinical signs of the outbreak of the disease, usually with a pronounced intestinal syndrome; 5) an earlier restoration of hematopoiesis, which explains the persistence of the intact parts of the bone marrow; 6) extensive destruction of the mucous membranes, skin and even corneal ulcer with subsequent development of necrotic changes.

145. What is a special feature of the electromagnetic pulse of a nuclear explosion? A special feature of the electromagnetic pulse, compared with other factors of nuclear explosion, is its ability to spread over hundreds of kilometers in the environment and by the means of various communications (networks of electricity and water, wired, etc.). EMP induces high voltages, which disables the communication lines and power supply, wire and wireless communication equipment. In addition, EMP can inflame the hardware and cause the defeat of people by electric shocks.

146. What kind of foci are formed in explosions of large and super-nuclear warheads? Foci with predominantly thermal injuries are formed in explosions of large and super-nuclear warheads and characterized by extensive destruction of techniques, equipment and facilities, large in land area fires, large scale and extent of radioactive contamination.

147. What grade of a single irradiation dose is considered to be absolutely fatal? Single irradiation doses exceeding 10 Gy are considered to be absolutely fatal. 148. What is a total dose required for developing the chronic radiation sickness? Chronic radiation sickness (CRS) - develops as a result of long continuous or fractionated irradiation of the organism in doses of 0,1-0,5 Gy / day with a total dose of more than 0,7-1 Gy.

149. In which zones of radioactive contamination does occur 100% personnel failure? In the zone C – dangerous contamination

150. When did Kazakhstan ratify the International Convention on the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism? on 14 May 2008

151. When was a treaty establishing the Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone signed by foreign ministers of the five Central Asian States? on 8 September 2006

152. When was a treaty establishing the Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone ratified by the Kazakhstan's parliament? On 11 December 2008

153. When was the international antinuclear non-governmental organization “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” created? created in 1989

154. When was the Decree on the closure of the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing site signed by the President N.A.Nazarbayev? On August 29, 1991

155. Where are three-component seismic stations of the national geophysical monitoring system located? Aktobe, Talgar and Podgornoye.

156. When was the law of the RK “On National Security” adopted? of June 26, 1998

157. What is referred to as “the officially adopted system of views and measures to protect the constitutional rights of individuals and citizens, the values of Kazakhstan’s society, the fundamental public institutions”? national security concept

158. What is referred to as “the politico-legal, moral, social protection of life, health and welfare of citizens of Kazakhstan, and the values of Kazakhstan's society from possible dangers and threats”? Public security

159. What is referred to as “the state protection of the vital interests and rights of individuals, society and state from threats arising in result of anthropogenic and other impacts on the environment”? external security

160. What is referred to as “the state of national security Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan from internal and external environment, processes and the factors that threaten its sustainable development and economic independence”? economic security

161. What are the principles of the national security of the Republic Kazakhstan?

The principles of the national security of the Republic Kazakhstan are: 1) the rule of the law in carrying out activities for the protection of national security; 2) prompt mutual awareness and consistency of forces to ensure the protection of national security; 3) the unity, relationship and balance of all types of national security; 4) the priority of political, economic and informational measures; 5) mutual responsibility of the individual, society and state; 6) monitor the implementation of the totality of Action for the Protection of national security.

162. Which of the following can cause threats to national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan?

1) weakening of the rule of law and order, including the rise crime, including organized its shape, merging state bodies with criminal structures, protection of officers Illicit capital, corruption, illegal circulation of weapons and drugs that reduce the degree of protection of human and freedoms of man and citizen; 2) activities aimed at the forcible change constitutional order, including acts infringing on the unitary Structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, integrity, integrity, inalienability of its territory; 3) weakening of the country's defense, the threat of integrity state borders and the use of force against the Republic of Kazakhstan, aggression against it; 4) intelligence, terrorism, sabotage and other to the detriment of national security in Kazakhstan activities of special services and organizations of foreign countries, as well as individuals; 5) disruption of the governmental authorities, the violation their smooth operation, reducing the degree of controllability in the country; 6) political extremism in any form, including incitement social, racial, ethnic, religious, class and tribal enmity or hatred; 7) increase in social and political situation, reflected in ethnic and sectarian conflicts, mass riots, unauthorized gatherings, meetings, processions and demonstrations, illegal pickets and strikes; 8) the establishment is not provided by the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan paramilitary; 9) a dramatic environmental degradation, natural disasters and other emergencies of natural and man-made epidemic, and epizootics; 10) damage to the economic security of the state, including strategic use of resources against the interests of the country, Hindering the growth of investment activity, including the influx Foreign investment in Kazakhstan, the uncontrolled export capital outside the country; 11) deterioration of the demographic situation, including a sharp decline fertility, increased mortality, the emergence of uncontrolled migration; 12) deterioration in the quality of education and intellectual capacity country; 13) inadequate or lack of normative legal acts on protection of national interests

163. Which of the following are the national interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan? The national interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan are: 1) ensuring the rights and freedoms of a man and a citizen; 2) preservation of social harmony and political stability in the country; 3) economic development for the benefit of the people of Kazakhstan; 4) education of the Kazakhstan patriotism and strengthening the unity of People of Kazakhstan; 5) enhance and preserve the material and spiritual values of the Kazakhstani society 6) the inviolability of the constitutional system of the Republic of Kazakhstan including the state of independence, unitary structure and presidentialism, integrity, integrity of border and inalienable territory; 7) sustainable functioning of the public institutions, Strengthening and improving the efficiency of their activities; 8) Provision of equipment and combat readiness of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

9) the unconditional implementation of the laws and the law enforcement; 10) the development of international cooperation through partnership.

164. What are the main functions of national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan? The main functions of national security are: 1) prediction and identification of threats to national security; 2) development and implementation of complex operational and long-term measures to prevent and neutralize threats to national security; 3) establishing and maintaining the readiness of forces national security; 4) Participating in the overall and regional security in accordance with international treaties of

the Republic of Kazakhstan

165. Which state body does ensure concerted action by all branches of state power to protect national interests? Article 9. Powers of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan President of the Republic of Kazakhstan: 1) 166. Which state body does decide issues of war and peace? Article 10. The powers of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2) decide issues of war and peace

167. Which state body does organize the development of the Concept of National Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan? Article 11. Powers of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2) organize

168. Which state body does administer justice in cases of crimes that infringe on safety of individuals, society and state? Article 12. Powers of the Courts 1)

169. Which state body does take measures and organize work to ensure national security in their respective administrative and territorial units? Article 14. The powers of local representative and executive agencies, organizations, irrespective of ownership1)

170. Which state body is the advisory body the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan? Article 15. Security Council 1. The Security Council is the advisory body the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan

171. Which state body does supervise the activities of subordinate organizations planning and conducting activities to achieve national security? Article 13. The powers of state bodies 1)

172. What is the main component of national security of the state in modern conditions? the military power of the state for a long time will remain one of the main components of national security

173. What are economic factors of the national security in modern conditions? factors such as the country's economy and its competitiveness, the welfare of citizens and their minds, etc. Among the sources of real threat to many countries include: terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, ethnic conflicts, environmental pollution, slow or halt economic growth.

174. What are ecological factors of the national security at the present time ? 175. Which documents do provide the basic principles of maintaining peace and international security? The basic principles of maintaining peace and international security enshrined in the UN Charter and other UN documents that provide for collective action to prevent and remove threats to peace, the suppression of acts of aggression, non-violence in resolving international disputes, etc.

176. When was the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan established? By May 7, 1992 Decree the President established the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan

177. When was the Declaration of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed? in December 1991 in Almaty

178. When was the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons signed by Kazakhstan? December 5, 1994.

179. Give an example of globalization in economic systems between countries. Since the second world war, trade between nations of goods and services has grown much faster than world economic output, primarily for three reasons. Trade between nations also has been transformed in recent years, from transactions over which national governments exercise significant control - international trade, if you will - to a form of globalized trade engineered and managed by large, dominant transnational corporations - transnational trade. Well over one-third of all US imports and exports, for example, takes place between the divisions and subsidiaries of the same company. This distinction is important for the reason that it signals a transfer of power and control away from national governments that, for all their failures, can be influenced by the general public. Transnational corporations, on the other hand, are not set up to serve others than their stockholders.

180. Give an example of globalization in political systems between countries. lobalization seeks to reduce the importance of nation states. Sub-state and supra-state institutions such as the European Union, the WTO, the G8 or the International Criminal Court, replace national functions with international agreement.^[95] Some observers attribute the relative decline in US power to globalization, particularly due to the country's high trade deficit. This led to a global power shift towards Asian states, particularly China, that unleashed market forces and achieved tremendous growth rates. As of 2011, China was on track to overtake the United States by 2025.^[96]In 2010 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reported that the global drug trade generated more than $320 billion a year in revenues.^[97] Worldwide, the UN estimates there are more than 50 million regular users of heroin, cocaine and synthetic drugs.^[98] The international trade of endangered species was second only to drug trafficking among smuggling "industries".^[99] Traditional Chinese medicine often incorporates ingredients from all parts of plants, the leaf, stem, flower, root, and also ingredients from animals and minerals. The use of parts of endangered species (such as seahorses, rhinoceros horns, saiga antelope horns, and tiger bones and claws) resulted in a black market of poachers who hunt restricted animals

181. Give an example of globalization in cultural interaction between countries.

Cultural globalisation has increased cross-cultural contacts but may be accompanied by a decrease in the uniqueness of once-isolated communities: sushi is available in Germany as well as Japan, but Euro-Disney outdraws the city of Paris, potentially reducing demand for "authentic" French pastry.^[77][78][79] Globalisation's contribution to the alienation of individuals from their traditions may be modest compared to the impact of modernity itself, as alleged by existentialists such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.Globalization expanded recreational opportunities by spreading pop culture, particularly via the Internet and satellite television.Non-governmental organizations influence public policy across national boundaries, including humanitarian aid and developmental efforts.^[80]Religious movements were among the earliest cultural forces to globalize, spread by force, migration, evangelists, imperialists and traders. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and more recently sects such as Mormonism have taken root and influenced endemic cultures in places far from their origins.^[81]Conversi claimed in 2010 that globalization was predominantly driven by the outward flow of culture and economic activity from the United States and was better understood as Americanization.^[82][83] For example, the two most successful global food/beverage outlets are American companies, McDonald's and Starbucks, are often cited as examples of globalization, with over 32,000^[84] and 18,000 locations operating worldwide, respectively as of 2008.^[85]The term globalization implies transformation. Cultural practices including traditional music can be lost and/or turned into a fusion of traditions. Globalization can trigger a state of emergency for the preservation of musical heritage. Archivists must attempt to collect, record or transcribe repertoire before melodies are assimilated or modified. Local musicians struggle for authenticity and to preserve local musical traditions. Globalization can lead performers to discard traditional instruments. Fusion genres can become interesting fields of analysis.^[86]Globalization gave support to the World Music phenomenon by allowing locally-recorded to reach western audiences searching for new ideas and sounds. Western musicians adopted many innovations that originated in remote cultures.^{[citation needed]} The term was originally intended for ethnic-specific music, though globalization is expanding its scope; it now often includes hybrid sub-genres such as World fusion,Global fusion, Ethnic fusion^[87] and Worldbeat^[88][89]

182. Give an example of globalization in social systems between countries.

Globalization has affected the social sphere, although the intensity of these processes depends largely on the economic opportunities of integration components. Social rights, previously available only to the population of developed countries, gradually migrate to citizens of the developing countries. A growing number of countries have developing civil society, the middle class, where social norms of quality of life are unified to some extent.

183. Give an example of growing global human impact on the environment. Like any complex phenomenon globalization has both positive and negative sides. Its consequences associated with obvious success: integrating the world economy contributes to the intensification and increased production, development of technical advances backward countries, improving the economic status of developing countries, etc. Political integration helps to prevent conflict, to ensure the relative stability in the world, to do a lot more in the interests of international security. Globalization in the social sphere stimulates tremendous changes in people's minds, the spread of democratic principles, human rights and freedoms. List of achievements of globalization covers various interests from personal nature to the world community.

However, there are also a large number of negative consequences. They are manifested in the form of so-called global problems of mankind. Under the global problems are meant universal, of the planetary scale difficulties and contradictions in the relations between nature and human society, the state and the world community. These problems in an implicit form existed previously, but mainly occurred at the present stage as a result of negative human activities, natural processes and, to a large extent, as the effect of globalization. Essentially, global problems are not just the consequences of globalization, but the very expression of this complex phenomenon, uncontrolled in its basic aspects.

184. Give an example of the potential risk of global problems reduced by preventive measures? Knowledge of the nature of these threats makes it possible to take preventive measures to reduce the potential risk of global problems, prevent potential emergencies caused by them. As examples of the successful resolution of global problems include the problem of acute "information explosion" in 1960-1970 softened by new information technologies, as well as basically solved problems of epidemics that earlier were ravaging the countries and continents.

185. Give an example of global problems which still didn’t find solution? Another approach is the concept of "golden billion". By some expert estimates, consumption, characteristic of developed countries, is achievable on Earth for more than 1 billion people. This approach involves the allocation of "masters of the world" - countries that control the world and allocate resources for the population of no more than a billion people. This approach has no obvious supporters, but probably hidden. The third approach - "a civilization crisis," imply the search of innovative ways and forms of adaptation to the human world. There are also other proposals to seek for a solution from the systemic crisis of human civilization, but the optimum is not found.

186. What are the threats of a post-industrial society? It should be noted that postindustrial society, that is going to replace the industrial society will bring the additional challenges and threats. By the definition of "Great Encyclopedic Dictionary, published in 1998, a post-industrial society - is a society that is replacing the industrial society. The basis for sustained development of such a society is considered a change of different technologies, eras, as well as sectoral and professional division of labor. The leading role is acquired to services, science and education. Corporations are inferior to universities, and business people – to scientists and professionals. In 1980 the concept of postindustrial society was developed in the theory of "information society", which reflected the real growth of value of information in society, production, distribution and consumption.

It is known that every new stage of development of humanity brought on the basis of the achievements some new and hitherto inaccessible benefits. But at the same time, as a byproduct of development, new challenges and threats were appearing. The same is happening today in the frame of a post-industrial society. First, it retained most of the existing challenges and threats, including natural and technological hazards of industrial society. Secondly, there are new specific threats and challenges, often of another, higher order.

187. What are the problems of global technological security? Recently, due to increased risk of major accidents at potentially dangerous facilities (nuclear power plants, chemical plants, dams, etc.) problem of technological security is recognized as

already a global problem. It can be attributed to different groups of global problems (e.g., economic or environmental) or as a separate issue. These global problems demonstrate the wide range of threats facing humankind that appeared at the turn of the century paint a disturbing picture. The persistence of these problems as risks incurring a serious threat to civilization, can manifest themselves in various fields of human activity.

188. What are the problems of global information security? Knowledge of the nature of these threats makes it possible to take preventive measures to reduce the potential risk of global problems, prevent potential emergencies caused by them. As examples of the successful resolution of global problems include the problem of acute "information explosion" in 1960-1970 softened by new information technologies, as well as basically solved problems of epidemics that earlier were ravaging the countries and continents.

189. What are the ways of the transition of global society to sustainable development?

Nevertheless, the international community can not remain idle waiting for a happy solution. Combined energetic, concerted and purposeful activities of all states and international organizations are needed to combat the unfolding crisis of human civilization that threatens its very existence. Importantly, the transition to sustainable development should not start spontaneously by the catastrophic destruction of the old, but according to a sensible plan with minimum damage to humanity and its habitat.

190. What are danger to the spiritual life and the human body in post-industrial society?

All this will bring unprecedented benefits, but also generate tremendous danger to the spiritual life and the human body, affect the fundamental social relations among individuals, and will form a new vices. The American scientist Bill Joy, a former co-chairman of the Presidential Commission on the prediction of future information technologies, looks in the future of post-industrial society with pessimism. He believes that the unbridled expansion of technology and the establishment of "supermental" machines – is an evil which threatened the humanity to extinction. He argues that we have entered a new century without any plan of action, not controlling the situation and not being able to hinder it. According to Joy, it is no exaggeration to say that we are on the verge of bringing danger to humanity in its extreme form, which potentially is greater than the threat of weapons of mass destruction. In short, along with the existing threats associated with global and other unresolved issues, the dynamics of development of civilization has a number of serious challenges in the future. True, many futurists believe that mankind has always found a way out, when it almost reached a stalemate.

191. What are positive sides of globalization in Kazakhstan? At the same time, globalization has positive effects that can be seen through trade. Imports create additional competition but increase the variety of goods available in domestic markets to the benefit of consumers, while producers gain from increased export demand. Trade facilitates restructuring by stimulating the redistribution of resources within a country. It also stimulates the relocation of some productive activities from industrialized to developing countries, which together with the progress in ICT that has led to a sharp increase in trade in services, creates additional opportunities for them.

Countries that have completed the process of modernization most successfully can hope to meet the challenges of globalization, although this is no longer enough. The new era requires taking every opportunity to break into the postindustrial, information society, which means investing in human capital, the main source of innovation. Globalization is an objective process. It is hardly possible to turn back the globalization wheel. The question is how to manage it so that as many people as possible can benefit. 192. What are negative sides of globalization in Kazakhstan? The question of entering the WTO is being widely discussed by the people of Kazakhstan at all levels, particularly between the Government and business representatives where potential negative consequences for the country post-entry are the subject of dispute. Most goods entering Kazakhstan at present face relatively low tariff rates and the average tariff rate is unlikely to fall after WTO

entry. The only sector that must continue to be protected is agriculture but this is allowed under WTO and happens in many member countries. The extent of the protection is still open to discussion but import duties on agricultural products are low in Kazakhstan. Membership in WTO will benefit labour intensive exports from the country such as machinery, textiles and processed foods, as has happened, for example, in China. However, the overall impact of WTO entry is hard to quantify as it has many dimensions and will not occur in isolation. It remains true to say, however, that increased competition in domestic markets will force local producers to improve product quality and lower price with benefits for consumers and society.

193. When was the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On combating terrorism” adopted? in June 30, 1999

194. What are legal regulations of the fight against terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan? Legal regulation of the fight against terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Law “On Combating Terrorism”, Criminal Code of Kazakhstan, and other legal acts, as well as international treaties ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan. If the international treaties ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan, establishes other rules than those stipulated in the Law "On Combating Terrorism", the rules of international treaties predominate.

195. What are basic principles in the fight against terrorism in Kazakhstan? 1. Priority of protecting life and health, the rights of persons exposed to danger as a result of terrorist acts; 2. Rule of law; 3. Priority prevention of terrorism; 4. Inevitable punishment for terrorist activity; 5. Complex use, preventive, legal, political, socio-economic, promotional measures; 6. Single authority in the operational manual of forces and resources in conducting the antiterrorist operation. 196. What are the state agencies engaged in direct combat of terrorism? 1. National Security Committee of Kazakhstan; 2. Ministry of Internal Affairs; 3. Security Service of the President of Kazakhstan; 4. Ministry of Defense;

197. What activities are referred to as terrorist offenses and include any act: 1. Dissemination of terrorist ideology, organization, planning, preparing and committing terrorist actions; 2. Inciting to conduct terrorist actions, calls for violence for terrorist purposes; 3. Organization of illegal paramilitary groups or criminal organizations with the aim of committing terrorist actions, as well as participation in them; 4. Recruitment, arming or use of terrorists in terrorist acts, as well as training their terrorist skills; 5. Financing of terrorist organizations or terrorists; 6. Support in preparing and committing terrorist acts; 198. Which state body can suspend the activities of public associations and international organizations engaged in terrorist activities? The Attorney General the Republic of Kazakhstan on the territory of Kazakhstan

199. Which state body does control over the activity to combat terrorism in the RK?

200. Which state body does exercise supervision over exact and uniform application of laws in the implementation to counter terrorism?