Компилятор с языка С на Ассемблер / CC1

/*
** Small-C Compiler -- Part 1 --  Top End.
** Copyright 1982, 1983, 1985, 1988 J. E. Hendrix
** All rights reserved.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include "notice.h"
#include "cc.h"

/*
** miscellaneous storage
*/
int
  nogo,     /* disable goto statements? */
  noloc,    /* disable block locals? */
  opindex,  /* index to matched operator */
  opsize,   /* size of operator in characters */
  swactive, /* inside a switch? */
  swdefault,/* default label #, else 0 */
 *swnext,   /* address of next entry */
 *swend,    /* address of last entry */
 *stage,    /* staging buffer address */
 *wq,       /* while queue */
  argcs,    /* static argc */
 *argvs,    /* static argv */
 *wqptr,    /* ptr to next entry */
  litptr,   /* ptr to next entry */
  macptr,   /* macro buffer index */
  pptr,     /* ptr to parsing buffer */
  ch,       /* current character of input line */
  nch,      /* next character of input line */
  declared, /* # of local bytes to declare, -1 when declared */
  iflevel,  /* #if... nest level */
  skiplevel,/* level at which #if... skipping started */
  nxtlab,   /* next avail label # */
  litlab,   /* label # assigned to literal pool */
  csp,      /* compiler relative stk ptr */
  argstk,   /* function arg sp */
  argtop,   /* highest formal argument offset */
  ncmp,     /* # open compound statements */
  errflag,  /* true after 1st error in statement */
  eof,      /* true on final input eof */
  output,   /* fd for output file */
  files,    /* true if file list specified on cmd line */
  filearg,  /* cur file arg index */
  input   = EOF, /* fd for input file */
  input2  = EOF, /* fd for "#include" file */
  usexpr  = YES, /* true if value of expression is used */
  ccode   = YES, /* true while parsing C code */
 *snext,    /* next addr in stage */
 *stail,    /* last addr of data in stage */
 *slast,    /* last addr in stage */
  listfp,   /* file pointer to list device */
  lastst,   /* last parsed statement type */
  oldseg;   /* current segment (0, DATASEG, CODESEG) */

char
  optimize, /* optimize output of staging buffer? */
  alarm,    /* audible alarm on errors? */
  monitor,  /* monitor function headers? */
  pause,    /* pause for operator on errors? */
 *symtab,   /* symbol table */
 *litq,     /* literal pool */
 *macn,     /* macro name buffer */
 *macq,     /* macro string buffer */
 *pline,    /* parsing buffer */
 *mline,    /* macro buffer */
 *line,     /* ptr to pline or mline */
 *lptr,     /* ptr to current character in "line" */
 *glbptr,   /* global symbol table */
 *locptr,   /* next local symbol table entry */
  quote[2] = {'"'}, /* literal string for '"' */
 *cptr,     /* work ptrs to any char buffer */
 *cptr2,
 *cptr3,
  msname[NAMESIZE],   /* macro symbol name */
  ssname[NAMESIZE];   /* static symbol name */

int op[16] = {   /* p-codes of signed binary operators */
  OR12,                        /* level5 */
  XOR12,                       /* level6 */
  AND12,                       /* level7 */
  EQ12,   NE12,                /* level8 */
  LE12,   GE12,  LT12,  GT12,  /* level9 */
  ASR12,  ASL12,               /* level10 */
  ADD12,  SUB12,               /* level11 */
  MUL12, DIV12, MOD12          /* level12 */
  };

int op2[16] = {  /* p-codes of unsigned binary operators */
  OR12,                        /* level5 */
  XOR12,                       /* level6 */
  AND12,                       /* level7 */
  EQ12,   NE12,                /* level8 */
  LE12u,  GE12u, LT12u, GT12u, /* level9 */
  ASR12,  ASL12,               /* level10 */
  ADD12,  SUB12,               /* level11 */
  MUL12u, DIV12u, MOD12u       /* level12 */
  };

/*
** execution begins here
*/
main(argc, argv) int argc, *argv; {
  fputs(VERSION, stderr);
  fputs(CRIGHT1, stderr);
  argcs   = argc;
  argvs   = argv;
  swnext  = calloc(SWTABSZ, 1);
  swend   = swnext+(SWTABSZ-SWSIZ);
  stage   = calloc(STAGESIZE, 2*BPW);
  wqptr   =
  wq      = calloc(WQTABSZ, BPW);
  litq    = calloc(LITABSZ, 1);
  macn    = calloc(MACNSIZE, 1);
  macq    = calloc(MACQSIZE, 1);
  pline   = calloc(LINESIZE, 1);
  mline   = calloc(LINESIZE, 1);
  slast   = stage+(STAGESIZE*2*BPW);
  symtab  = calloc((NUMLOCS*SYMAVG + NUMGLBS*SYMMAX), 1);
  locptr  = STARTLOC;
  glbptr  = STARTGLB;
  
  ask();          /* get user options */
  openfile();     /* and initial input file */
  preprocess();   /* fetch first line */
  header();       /* intro code */
  setcodes();     /* initialize code pointer array */ 
  parse();        /* process ALL input */
  trailer();      /* follow-up code */
  fclose(output); /* explicitly close output */
  }

/******************** high level parsing *******************/

/*
** process all input text
**
** At this level, only static declarations,
**      defines, includes and function
**      definitions are legal...
*/
parse() {
  while (eof == 0) {
    if     (amatch("extern", 6)) dodeclare(EXTERNAL);
    else if(dodeclare(STATIC))   ;
    else if( match("#asm"))      doasm();
    else if( match("#include"))  doinclude();
    else if( match("#define"))   dodefine();
    else                         dofunction();
    blanks();                 /* force eof if pending */
    }
  }

/*
** test for global declarations
*/
dodeclare(class) int class; {
  if     (amatch("char",     4))  declglb(CHR,  class);
  else if(amatch("unsigned", 8)) {
    if   (amatch("char",     4))  declglb(UCHR, class);
    else {amatch("int",      3);  declglb(UINT, class);}
    }
  else if(amatch("int",      3)
       || class == EXTERNAL)      declglb(INT,  class);
  else return 0;
  ns();
  return 1;
  }

/*
** declare a static variable
*/
declglb(type, class)  int type, class; {
  int id, dim;
  while(1) {
    if(endst()) return;  /* do line */
    if(match("*"))       {id = POINTER;  dim = 0;}
    else                 {id = VARIABLE; dim = 1;}
    if(symname(ssname) == 0) illname();
    if(findglb(ssname)) multidef(ssname);
    if(id == VARIABLE) {
      if     (match("("))  {id = FUNCTION; need(")");}
      else if(match("["))  {id = ARRAY; dim = needsub();}
      }
    if     (class == EXTERNAL) external(ssname, type >> 2, id);
    else if(   id != FUNCTION) initials(type >> 2, id, dim);
    if(id == POINTER) 
         addsym(ssname, id, type, BPW, 0, &glbptr, class);
    else addsym(ssname, id, type, dim * (type >> 2), 0, &glbptr, class);
    if(match(",") == 0) return;
    }
  }

/*
** initialize global objects
*/
initials(size, ident, dim) int size, ident, dim; {
  int savedim;
  litptr = 0;
  if(dim == 0) dim = -1;         /* *... or ...[] */
  savedim = dim;
  public(ident);
  if(match("=")) {
    if(match("{")) {
      while(dim) {
        init(size, ident, &dim);
        if(match(",") == 0) break;
        }
      need("}");
      }
    else init(size, ident, &dim);
    }
  if(savedim == -1 && dim == -1) {
    if(ident == ARRAY) error("need array size");
    stowlit(0, size = BPW);
    }
  dumplits(size);
  dumpzero(size, dim);           /* only if dim > 0 */
  }

/*
** evaluate one initializer
*/
init(size, ident, dim) int size, ident, *dim; {
  int value;
  if(string(&value)) {
    if(ident == VARIABLE || size != 1)
      error("must assign to char pointer or char array");
    *dim -= (litptr - value);
    if(ident == POINTER) point();
    }
  else if(constexpr(&value)) {
    if(ident == POINTER) error("cannot assign to pointer");
    stowlit(value, size);
    *dim -= 1;
    }
  }

/*
** get required array size
*/
needsub()  {
  int val;
  if(match("]")) return 0; /* null size */
  if(constexpr(&val) == 0) val = 1;
  if(val < 0) {
    error("negative size illegal");
    val = -val;
    }
  need("]");               /* force single dimension */
  return val;              /* and return size */
  }

/*
** open an include file
*/
doinclude() {
  int i; char str[30];
  blanks();       /* skip over to name */
  if(*lptr == '"' || *lptr == '<') ++lptr;
  i = 0;
  while(lptr[i]
     && lptr[i] != '"'
     && lptr[i] != '>'
     && lptr[i] != '\n') {
    str[i] = lptr[i];
    ++i;
    }
  str[i] = NULL;
  if((input2 = fopen(str,"r")) == NULL) {
    input2 = EOF;
    error("open failure on include file");
    }
  kill();   /* make next read come from new file (if open) */
  }

/*
** define a macro symbol
*/
dodefine() {
  int k;
  if(symname(msname) == 0) {
    illname();
    kill();
    return;
    }
  k = 0;
  if(search(msname, macn, NAMESIZE+2, MACNEND, MACNBR, 0) == 0) {
    if(cptr2 = cptr)
      while(*cptr2++ = msname[k++]) ;
    else {
      error("macro name table full");
      return;
      }
    }
  putint(macptr, cptr+NAMESIZE, 2);
  while(white()) gch();
  while(putmac(gch()));
  if(macptr >= MACMAX) {
    error("macro string queue full");
    abort(ERRCODE);
    }
  }

putmac(c)  char c; {
  macq[macptr] = c;
  if(macptr < MACMAX) ++macptr;
  return c;
  }

/*
** begin a function
**
** called from "parse" and tries to make a function
** out of the following text
*/
dofunction()  {
  char *ptr;
  nogo   =                      /* enable goto statements */
  noloc  =                      /* enable block-local declarations */
  lastst =                      /* no statement yet */
  litptr = 0;                   /* clear lit pool */
  litlab = getlabel();          /* label next lit pool */
  locptr = STARTLOC;            /* clear local variables */
  if(match("void")) blanks();   /* skip "void" & locate header */
  if(monitor) lout(line, stderr);
  if(symname(ssname) == 0) {
    error("illegal function or declaration");
    errflag = 0;
    kill();                     /* invalidate line */
    return;
    }
  if(ptr = findglb(ssname)) {   /* already in symbol table? */
    if(ptr[CLASS] == AUTOEXT)
         ptr[CLASS] = STATIC;
    else multidef(ssname);
    }
  else addsym(ssname, FUNCTION, INT, 0, 0, &glbptr, STATIC);
  public(FUNCTION);
  argstk = 0;                  /* init arg count */
  if(match("(") == 0) error("no open paren");
  while(match(")") == 0) {     /* then count args */
    if(symname(ssname)) {
      if(findloc(ssname)) multidef(ssname);
      else {
        addsym(ssname, 0, 0, 0, argstk, &locptr, AUTOMATIC);
        argstk += BPW;
        }
      }
    else {
      error("illegal argument name");
      skip();
      }
    blanks();
    if(streq(lptr,")") == 0 && match(",") == 0)
      error("no comma");
    if(endst()) break;
    }
  csp = 0;                     /* preset stack ptr */
  argtop = argstk+BPW;         /* account for the pushed BP */
  while(argstk) {
    if     (amatch("char",     4)) {doargs(CHR);  ns();}
    else if(amatch("int",      3)) {doargs(INT);  ns();}
    else if(amatch("unsigned", 8)) {
      if   (amatch("char", 4))     {doargs(UCHR); ns();}
      else {amatch("int", 3);       doargs(UINT); ns();}
      }
    else {error("wrong number of arguments"); break;}
    }
  gen(ENTER, 0);
  statement();
  if(lastst != STRETURN && lastst != STGOTO)
    gen(RETURN, 0);
  if(litptr) {
    toseg(DATASEG);
    gen(REFm, litlab);
    dumplits(1);               /* dump literals */
    }
  }

/*
** declare argument types
*/
doargs(type) int type; {
  int id, sz;
  char c, *ptr;
  while(1) {
    if(argstk == 0) return;           /* no arguments */
    if(decl(type, POINTER, &id, &sz)) {
      if(ptr = findloc(ssname)) {
        ptr[IDENT] = id;
        ptr[TYPE]  = type;
        putint(sz, ptr+SIZE, 2);
        putint(argtop-getint(ptr+OFFSET, 2), ptr+OFFSET, 2);
        }
      else error("not an argument");
      }
    argstk = argstk - BPW;            /* cnt down */
    if(endst()) return;
    if(match(",") == 0) error("no comma");
    }
  }

/*
** parse next local or argument declaration
*/
decl(type, aid, id, sz) int type, aid, *id, *sz; {
  int n, p;
  if(match("(")) p = 1;
  else           p = 0;
  if(match("*"))        {*id = POINTER;  *sz  = BPW;}
  else                  {*id = VARIABLE; *sz  = type >> 2;}
  if((n = symname(ssname)) == 0) illname();
  if(p && match(")")) ;
  if(match("(")) {
    if(!p || *id != POINTER) error("try (*...)()");
    need(")");
    }
  else if(*id == VARIABLE && match("[")) {
    *id = aid;
    if((*sz *= needsub()) == 0) {
      if(aid == ARRAY) error("need array size");
      *sz  = BPW;      /* size of pointer argument */
      }
    }
  return n;
  }

/******************** start 2nd level parsing *******************/

/*
** statement parser
*/
statement() {
  if(ch == 0 && eof) return;
  else if(amatch("char",     4)) {declloc(CHR);    ns();}
  else if(amatch("int",      3)) {declloc(INT);    ns();}
  else if(amatch("unsigned", 8)) {
    if   (amatch("char",     4)) {declloc(UCHR);   ns();}
    else {amatch("int",      3);  declloc(UINT);   ns();}
    }
  else {
    if(declared >= 0) {
      if(ncmp > 1) nogo = declared;   /* disable goto */
      gen(ADDSP, csp - declared);
      declared = -1;
      }
    if(match("{"))                 compound();
    else if(amatch("if",       2)) {doif();           lastst = STIF;}
    else if(amatch("while",    5)) {dowhile();        lastst = STWHILE;}
    else if(amatch("do",       2)) {dodo();           lastst = STDO;}
    else if(amatch("for",      3)) {dofor();          lastst = STFOR;}
    else if(amatch("switch",   6)) {doswitch();       lastst = STSWITCH;}
    else if(amatch("case",     4)) {docase();         lastst = STCASE;}
    else if(amatch("default",  7)) {dodefault();      lastst = STDEF;}
    else if(amatch("goto",     4)) {dogoto();         lastst = STGOTO;}
    else if(dolabel())                                lastst = STLABEL;
    else if(amatch("return",   6)) {doreturn(); ns(); lastst = STRETURN;}
    else if(amatch("break",    5)) {dobreak();  ns(); lastst = STBREAK;}
    else if(amatch("continue", 8)) {docont();   ns(); lastst = STCONT;}
    else if(match(";"))            errflag = 0;
    else if(match("#asm"))         {doasm();          lastst = STASM;}
    else                           {doexpr(NO); ns(); lastst = STEXPR;}
    }
  return lastst;
  }

/*
** declare local variables
*/
declloc(type)  int type;  {
  int id, sz;
  if(swactive)     error("not allowed in switch");
  if(noloc)        error("not allowed with goto");
  if(declared < 0) error("must declare first in block");
  while(1) {
    if(endst()) return;
    decl(type, ARRAY, &id, &sz);
    declared += sz;
    addsym(ssname, id, type,  sz, csp - declared, &locptr, AUTOMATIC);
    if(match(",") == 0) return;
    }
  }

compound()  {
  int savcsp;
  char *savloc;
  savcsp = csp;
  savloc = locptr;
  declared = 0;           /* may now declare local variables */
  ++ncmp;                 /* new level open */
  while (match("}") == 0)
    if(eof) {
      error("no final }");
      break;
      }
    else statement();     /* do one */
  if(--ncmp               /* close current level */
  && lastst != STRETURN
  && lastst != STGOTO)
    gen(ADDSP, savcsp);   /* delete local variable space */
  cptr = savloc;          /* retain labels */
  while(cptr < locptr) {
    cptr2 = nextsym(cptr);
    if(cptr[IDENT] == LABEL) {
      while(cptr < cptr2) *savloc++ = *cptr++;
      }
    else cptr = cptr2;
    }
  locptr = savloc;        /* delete local symbols */
  declared = -1;          /* may not declare variables */
  }

doif()  {
  int flab1, flab2;
  test(flab1 = getlabel(), YES);  /* get expr, and branch false */
  statement();                    /* if true, do a statement */
  if(amatch("else", 4) == 0) {    /* if...else ? */
    /* simple "if"...print false label */
    gen(LABm, flab1);
    return;                       /* and exit */
    }
  flab2 = getlabel();
  if(lastst != STRETURN && lastst != STGOTO)
    gen(JMPm, flab2);
  gen(LABm, flab1);    /* print false label */
  statement();         /* and do "else" clause */
  gen(LABm, flab2);    /* print true label */
  }

dowhile()  {
  int wq[4];              /* allocate local queue */
  addwhile(wq);           /* add entry to queue for "break" */
  gen(LABm, wq[WQLOOP]);  /* loop label */
  test(wq[WQEXIT], YES);  /* see if true */
  statement();            /* if so, do a statement */
  gen(JMPm, wq[WQLOOP]);  /* loop to label */
  gen(LABm, wq[WQEXIT]);  /* exit label */
  delwhile();             /* delete queue entry */
  }

dodo() {
  int wq[4];
  addwhile(wq);
  gen(LABm, wq[WQLOOP]);
  statement();
  need("while");
  test(wq[WQEXIT], YES);
  gen(JMPm, wq[WQLOOP]);
  gen(LABm, wq[WQEXIT]);
  delwhile();
  ns();
  }

dofor() {
  int wq[4], lab1, lab2;
  addwhile(wq);
  lab1 = getlabel();
  lab2 = getlabel();
  need("(");
  if(match(";") == 0) {
    doexpr(NO);           /* expr 1 */
    ns();
    }
  gen(LABm, lab1);
  if(match(";") == 0) {
    test(wq[WQEXIT], NO); /* expr 2 */
    ns();
    }
  gen(JMPm, lab2);
  gen(LABm, wq[WQLOOP]);
  if(match(")") == 0) {
    doexpr(NO);           /* expr 3 */
    need(")");
    }
  gen(JMPm, lab1);
  gen(LABm, lab2);
  statement();
  gen(JMPm, wq[WQLOOP]);
  gen(LABm, wq[WQEXIT]);
  delwhile();
  }

doswitch() {
  int wq[4], endlab, swact, swdef, *swnex, *swptr;
  swact = swactive;
  swdef = swdefault;
  swnex = swptr = swnext;
  addwhile(wq);
  *(wqptr + WQLOOP - WQSIZ) = 0;
  need("(");
  doexpr(YES);                /* evaluate switch expression */
  need(")");
  swdefault = 0;
  swactive = 1;
  gen(JMPm, endlab = getlabel());
  statement();                /* cases, etc. */
  gen(JMPm, wq[WQEXIT]);
  gen(LABm, endlab);
  gen(SWITCH, 0);             /* match cases */
  while(swptr < swnext) {
    gen(NEARm, *swptr++);
    gen(WORDn,  *swptr++);    /* case value */
    }
  gen(WORDn, 0);
  if(swdefault) gen(JMPm, swdefault);
  gen(LABm, wq[WQEXIT]);
  delwhile();
  swnext    = swnex;
  swdefault = swdef;
  swactive  = swact;
  }

docase() {
  if(swactive == 0) error("not in switch");
  if(swnext > swend) {
    error("too many cases");
    return;
    }
  gen(LABm, *swnext++ = getlabel());
  constexpr(swnext++);
  need(":");
  }

dodefault() {
  if(swactive) {
    if(swdefault) error("multiple defaults");
    }
  else error("not in switch");
  need(":");
  gen(LABm, swdefault = getlabel());
  }

dogoto() {
  if(nogo > 0) error("not allowed with block-locals");
  else noloc = 1;
  if(symname(ssname)) gen(JMPm, addlabel(NO));
  else error("bad label");
  ns();
  }

dolabel() {
  char *savelptr;
  blanks();
  savelptr = lptr;
  if(symname(ssname)) {
    if(gch() == ':') {
      gen(LABm, addlabel(YES));
      return 1;
      }
    else bump(savelptr-lptr);
    }
  return 0;
  }

addlabel(def) int def; {
  if(cptr = findloc(ssname)) {
    if(cptr[IDENT] != LABEL) error("not a label");
    else if(def) {
      if(cptr[TYPE]) error("duplicate label");
      else cptr[TYPE] = YES;
      }
    }
  else cptr = addsym(ssname, LABEL, def, 0, getlabel(), &locptr, LABEL);
  return (getint(cptr+OFFSET, 2));
  }

doreturn()  {
  int savcsp;
  if(endst() == 0) doexpr(YES);
  savcsp = csp;
  gen(RETURN, 0);
  csp = savcsp;
  }

dobreak()  {
  int *ptr;
  if((ptr = readwhile(wqptr)) == 0) return;
  gen(ADDSP, ptr[WQSP]);
  gen(JMPm, ptr[WQEXIT]);
  }

docont()  {
  int *ptr;
  ptr = wqptr;
  while (1) {
    if((ptr = readwhile(ptr)) == 0) return;
    if(ptr[WQLOOP]) break;
    }
  gen(ADDSP, ptr[WQSP]);
  gen(JMPm, ptr[WQLOOP]);
  }

doasm()  {
  ccode = 0;           /* mark mode as "asm" */
  while (1) {
    inline();
    if(match("#endasm")) break;
    if(eof)break;
    fputs(line, output);
    }
  kill();
  ccode = 1;
  }

doexpr(use) int use; {
  int const, val;
  int *before, *start;
  usexpr = use;        /* tell isfree() whether expr value is used */
  while(1) {
    setstage(&before, &start);
    expression(&const, &val);
    clearstage(before, start);
    if(ch != ',') break;
    bump(1);
    }
  usexpr = YES;        /* return to normal value */
  }

/******************** miscellaneous functions *******************/

/*
** get run options
*/
ask() {
  int i;
  i = listfp = nxtlab = 0;
  output = stdout;
  optimize = YES;
  alarm = monitor = pause = NO;
  line = mline;
  while(getarg(++i, line, LINESIZE, argcs, argvs) != EOF) {
    if(line[0] != '-' && line[0] != '/') continue;
    if(toupper(line[1]) == 'L'
    && isdigit(line[2])
    && line[3] <= ' ') {
      listfp = line[2]-'0';
      continue;
      }
    if(toupper(line[1]) == 'N'
    && toupper(line[2]) == 'O'
    && line[3] <= ' ') {
      optimize = NO;
      continue;
      }
    if(line[2] <= ' ') {
      if(toupper(line[1]) == 'A') {alarm   = YES; continue;}
      if(toupper(line[1]) == 'M') {monitor = YES; continue;}
      if(toupper(line[1]) == 'P') {pause   = YES; continue;}
      }
    fputs("usage: cc [file]... [-m] [-a] [-p] [-l#] [-no]\n", stderr);
    abort(ERRCODE);
    }
  }

/*
** input and output file opens
*/
openfile() {        /* entire function revised */
  char outfn[15];
  int i, j, ext;
  input = EOF;
  while(getarg(++filearg, pline, LINESIZE, argcs, argvs) != EOF) {
    if(pline[0] == '-' || pline[0] == '/') continue;
    ext = NO;
    i = -1;
    j = 0;
    while(pline[++i]) {
      if(pline[i] == '.') {
        ext = YES;
        break;
        }
      if(j < 10) outfn[j++] = pline[i];
      }
    if(!ext) strcpy(pline + i, ".C");
    input = mustopen(pline, "r");
    if(!files && iscons(stdout)) {
      strcpy(outfn + j, ".ASM");
      output = mustopen(outfn, "w");
      }
    files = YES;
    kill();
    return;
    }
  if(files++) eof = YES;
  else input = stdin;
  kill();
  }

/*
** open a file with error checking
*/
mustopen(fn, mode) char *fn, *mode; {
  int fd;
  if(fd = fopen(fn, mode)) return fd;
  fputs("open error on ", stderr);
  lout(fn, stderr);
  abort(ERRCODE);
  }