V. Semantics.

As it is common knowledge most of the English words are polysemantic. Nevertheless in actual speech this doesn't interfere with the process of communication because the context cancels all the unnecessary meanings and helps to actualize one particular meaning of a word. Let's consider, for example, the meanings of the verb to appear in two different contexts in the text under analysis: "The secretary appeared at the door." "But it appears to me that it's high time.... " It's obvious that the lexical context in the first sentence actualizes the direct meaning of the verb to appear which is synonymous to the verbs to come, to show oneself, lo show up. In the second sentence lexical context and grammatical context are both important for correct interpretation of the word to appear. The meaning, which emerges from this context is synonymous to the verbs to seem, to look like, and is a derived meaning of the verb appear.

Derived meaning of the verb to attend is also found in such context "as ... it would be advisable ...to attend a little more closely to your college work" where the meaning emerges from both lexical combinability and syntactic pattern of the verb. The latter differs from the typical syntactic pattern of the verb, where its direct meaning is відвідувати, while in the syntactic pattern V + Adv + to+ N the meaning приділяти більше уваги is actualized.

Figurative meanings of other verbs are found in such contexts: "why can't you dig in and pull these D's up to B's...?" "All of the boys... had been pasted to get Charlie Wingate up that afternoon." The verbs to dig, to pull, to post are used in their metaphorical meanings, which are synonymous accordingly to the verbs to work hard, to improve, to send.

Generally speaking, context is a powerful means for correct interpretation of the meaning of polysemantic words.

Lexicological Analysis Concise Format for written presentation

I. Etymology of the words.

Native: boy, floor, room, man, iron, head, hand, father, most numerals and pronouns.

Greek: Economics, student, Senate, professor, college - completely assimilated; Psychology, school - partially assimilated.

Latin: administration, spectacles, picture, interest, conclusion, primarily, table - completely assimilated;

datum - not assimilated grammatically (plural - data).

French: suit, courage, point, power, button, desk, pay, advice, face – completely assimilated; cafe, honour – partially assimilated.

II. Word-formation.

Affixation, productive - stem + affix.

Suffixation: vague-ly, Adj - Adv; sagged, V - Adj; sleep-er V - N; quick-ly, Adj - Adv; ceremoni-ous-ly. N-Adj-Adv; finance-al, N-Adj; atten-tion V-N. The suffix usually transfers the word to another part of speech

Prefixation: un-fold, un-screw, im-possible, im-partial. The prefix does not usually change the part of speech of the initial word; but courage - to encourage, role -to enroll - N-V.

Lexicalization of grammatical suffixes: colour-colours, advice-advices, honour-honours – the suffix of plurality changes the lexical meaning: знамена, повідомлення, відзнака.

Conversion, productive: to sleep v - sleep n., to pay v. - pay n., to work v. -work n., straight adj. - straight adv., cock n. - to cock v.

Word-composition, productive: compounds proper: first - rate, self -supporting, Quarter-back, frosted -glass, stem + stem.

Derivational compounds: red-veined, hard-lipped, good-humoured, tax-payers, white-enameled, (stem + stem) + suffix, most typical formula is (A+N)+ed.

Lexical shortening: EC.

Graphical shortening: G. M. C. A.

Sound imitation: hissing, giggles, slosh, splash.