England

England consists of 4 parts which make up the UK. England is a large occupied of the territory (131,000 km²) is the most industrial and most densely populated (густо населенная) part of the UK. Its population is over 47 mln people. The capital of England is London.

England is a hightly developed industrial part of the country. Historically England is divided into several economic regions: the South is industrial and agricultural region, central England or Midlands, Yorkshire and Northern England.

Heavy machinery, electronics and shipbuilding are developed in London. Nottingham, Bristol, Manchester, New Castle and others.

The wool industry is centered in Leeds and Bradford. Food processing is developed in Liverpool. Midlands make farming lands.

Nottingham is connected with the name of legendary hero Robin Hood. Stradford is upon Avon is Shakespeare birthplace. Canterbury is situated in Kent is a cathedral city, the cradle of Christian people gloried by Geoffrey Chaucer.

Another historic place in the South is Hastings. It’s a popular resound (отголосок) it’s famous by the battle of Hastings in 1066 (начало нормандского правления).

One of the monuments situated in the South West is Stone Henge.

Wales lies West of the English Lowland. This part of the UK is rather small, its territory is 26,760 km². The capital of Wales is Cardiff. The population of Wales is over 3 mln people.

Scotland

Scotland is the most Northern part of the GB. Its total area is 78,800 km². The Cheviot Hills marks the border (границу) between England and Scotland.

Scotland takes up 1/3^rd of the territory of the British isles. Its population is not very big – a little over 6 mln people. The capital is Edinburgh.

Scotland is a country of hills, lakes and rivers. The highest mountain pic is Ben Nevis. There are many rivers but they are not long. The longest and the most important river is the Clyde.

Scottish lakes are called “lochs” (озёра) because of they are long and the most narrow. The longest and the most beautiful river is Lomond. The famous Scottish loch is Loch Ness because of the monster.

Shipbuilding is one of the most important industries. Other are iron steel, heavy and light engineering and coal-mining.

The main urban (городские) centers are Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dundee.

Northern Ireland

It’s the smallest component of the UK – 14,121 km².

It occupied North East of Ireland. The population is 1,5 mln people. The capital is Belfast. The largest river is Shannon. The climate is oceanic. Economy has three main industries: agriculture, textiles, shipbuilding.

The land territorial position and the name of the country, its history

The UK has a quite this official name since 1922. The formation of the UK took centuries and involved a lot of arm struggle. The union if England and Wales dates 1301 when Edward’s the 1^st son was announced prince of Wales, but only in 1485 a welsh prince Henry Tudor (Henry the 7^th) became king of England. And it was his son Henry the 7^th who formally united Wales in 1535. The day of the 1^st Act of Union. The Union of England and Scotland dates on 1603 when king of Scotland James the 6^th inherited the prawn of kingdom after the death of childless Elizabeth the 1^st of England. Thou, England and Scotland were ruled by the same monarch but they remained separate the same kingdom with their own Parliament. Scotl and Eng joined in the Act of Union in 1707. Island used to be oldest colony and its conquer started as early as 12^th century. In 1125 king Henry the 6^th of Eng was made king of all isles by the Pope of Rome.

Thou, numerous rebellious were up and down from time to time. Irish Legislature and Parliament were abolished (отменены) by the Act of Union in 1801. In the same year a new national flag Union Jack (1801) was established. And the country’s official name became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, but in 1821 26 Irish countries went through of the UK and Ireland forming the Irish 4 State remained to republic of Island in 1949. Only 6 northern countries remained under making it the United Kingdom if GB and Northern Ireland, but it’s on officially called the UK of GB or Britain or England, it’s also referred to an old and romantic name Albion(related to Latin «albus» - «white» (in allusion (указание на) to the white cliffs (утёсы) of Dover).