Higher Education Institutions

It has become common for the college program to be divided into broad fields, such as languages and literature, the social science and mathematics, and the fine arts. Many colleges require all freshmen and sophomores to take one or two full-year courses in each of three fields. Certain Courses, such as English or history, may be required for all, with some election permitted in the other fields.

Higher educational institutions usually are governed by a board of regents or a board of trustees.

The executive head of a college or a university is usually called the president. The various colleges or schools, which take up a university, are headed by deans. Within a school or college there may be departments according to subject matter fields, each of which may be headed by a professor who is designated as department head or chairman. Other members of the faculty hold academic ranks, such as instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and professor. Graduate students who give some part- time service may be designated as graduate assistants or fellows.

Professional education in fields such as agriculture, dentistry, law, engineering, medicine, pharmacy, teaching, etc. is pursued in professional schools which may be part of a university or may be separate institutions which confine their instruction to a single profession. Often two, three, or four years of pre-professional liberal arts education are required before admission to a professional school. Three to five years of specialized training lead to professional degrees such as Doctor of Medicine, Bachelor of Law, etc.

1. How many fields is the college program divided into?

a) 5 b) 6 c) 4 d) 3

2. What subjects are usually required for all students?

a) Mathematics or Fine Arts b) History or English c) Economics or Literature d) Law or Agriculture

3. How is the executive head of a college called?

a) the president b) a board of trustees c) a board of regents d) deans

4. Who can be designated as department head?

a) a freshman b) sophomore c) a professor d) an instructor

5. How many years of specialized training lead to professional degrees?

a) two to four b) three to five c) four to six d) five to seven

І. Reading Comprehension Test

This text is followed by 5 multiple-choice questions. For each task choose the best possible answer from A, B, C or D and circle the letter of your choice.

Agriculture of the usa

Agriculture generates about 2 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs about 3 per cent of the labor force. Farming is largely mechanized and scientifically con- trolled, and the production of most cash crops substantially exceeds domestic needs, making the United States the world’s leading exporter of food. About one-tenth of the arable land is irrigated, mostly in the southwest and west. The principal crops grown include corn (maize), soybeans, hay, wheat, cotton, potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts (groundnuts), sorghum, rice, sugarcane and sugar beets, and barley. Fruits include oranges, grapes, apples, grapefruits, and lemons and limes. The country also ranks high worldwide in the production of tobacco, avocados, pineapples, strawberries, almonds, walnuts, and hops. Raw and refined sugar, wine, beer, and honey are produced in large quantities.

Illinois is first in soybeans and high in corn, oats, wheat, barley, rye and potatoes. California earns more money from raising food and catching fish than any other state, and it stands high in oil production. Though highly urbanized, this State has pioneered in scientific farming, showing the world how to increase quantity, quality and efficiency in feeding and clothing, its ever-growing population. Wisconsin leads the U.S. in milk and cheese production. Other important farm products are potatoes, cabbage, sugar, cranberries and cherries.

The principal livestock of the United States include cattle, pigs, sheep, and horses. Dairying is well developed; milk, cheese, and butter production exceed domestic needs – some is exported and some stored under government subsidy. Cattle hide and wool production supports leather and textile industries. Poultry is important.

1. What makes the USA the leading exporter of food?

a) production of most crops exceeds domestic needs b) climate c) cash d) arable land

2. What are the principal fruits grown?

a) corn, wheat and cotton b) oranges, grapes and grapefruits c) tobacco, avocados and sugar beets d) honey, almonds and walnuts

3. What is Illinois first in?

a) strawberries b) soybeans c) almonds d) walnuts

4. What has California pioneered in?

a) urbanization b) poultry farming c) government subsidy d) scientific farming

5. What does Wisconsin lead in?

a) government subsidy b) milk and cheese production c) horse and cattle breeding d) vegetables

І. Reading Comprehension Test

This text is followed by 5 multiple-choice questions. For each task choose the best possible answer from A, B, C or D and circle the letter of your choice.