- •Can you recognize the places in the pictures? Work in pairs. Choose a place and describe it to your partner.
- •Work with a partner to discuss the following questions.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow: The National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
- •10. Open the brackets and put the verbs in a correct form.
- •11. Work in pairs. Make up 5 questions to the text using the Present Simple Tense and let your partner answer them.
- •12. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Tense. You have to decide if the verb is positive or negative.
- •Match the picture to the branch of industry.
- •1) Chemical industry, 2) metallurgical industry, 3) machine building, 4) mining industry, 5) aircraft industry, 6) food industry
- •Work with a partner to discuss the following questions.
- •Read the text and say whether the statements that follow are true or false. Economy and Industry of Ukraine
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •10. Underline the correct verb form in each of the following sentences.
- •11. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
- •12. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Look at the pictures. What uses of computers do they show?
- •What do you know about the history of computer development in Ukraine?
- •Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text:
- •From the History of Computer
- •4. Choose the proper item:
- •5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjective and verbs.
- •7. Correct the following statements:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Write a paragraph (60-80 words) about the computer you have or the one you would like to have.
- •10. Divide the following infinitives into two columns and give their second and third forms.
- •11. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Tense
- •12. Underline the correct word in bold.
- •What other applications of robots do you know? What are advantages and disadvantages of using robots in industry?
- •Read about robotics and complete sentences 1-3 with words from the text:
- •Robotics
- •4. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •5. Match each word from the text with its synonym:
- •Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Imagine that you are an inventor. Try to design a robot to do a dangerous or boring job for you. Make notes about how it works.
- •Change the verbs in the following sentences into the Past Simple Tense.
- •Sir William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907).
- •12. Choose the proper item.
- •Work in pairs and discuss what can be done to prevent damage being done to the environment?
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow. The Era of High-Tech Pollution
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •Choose the proper item.
- •12. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Look at the pictures which show the problems of the environment and match the suggestions with their problems.
- •What other problems does our planet face? How can engineers help to solve them?
- •Read the text and say whether the statements that follow are true or false. Environmental Protection
- •Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Choose the proper item:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •7. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Imagine that you are an active member of the “Green Peace organization”. Make a list of dos and don’ts for people to protect the environment and to save disappearing types of animals and plants.
- •10. Choose the proper item.
- •12. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
- •What is force? Give examples of forces acting on people and objects around us.
- •What kinds of forces can you name? How are they related to motion?
- •Read the text and be ready to define Newton’s three laws of motion.
- •Match each word from the text with its synonym:
- •Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs.
- •Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Solve the crossword:
- •10. A salesman is describing a new product to a customer. Complete their conversation with will or won't.
- •12. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •What do you know about the forces of gravity, friction and magnetism? How do they influence our lives?
- •Read the text and correct the statements that follow. Gravity, Friction, Magnetism
- •Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •7. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •10. Write questions to which the words in bold are the answers.
- •4. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •5. Decide, whether the statements below are true or false:
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Why is manufacture so closely connected to science? Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) to answer this question.
- •10. Fill in the gaps with can, can’t, could, couldn’t or was / wasn’t able to.
- •12. Choose the proper item.
- •Unit 10
- •Look at the picture and say, what simple machines does a bike consist of?
- •In pairs, discuss what is meant by “complex machines”. Give examples of such machines.
- •3. Read the text and match the questions (a-g) to the paragraphs (1-7):
- •4. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Choose the proper item:
- •7. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. What will be the car of the future to your mind? Write a paragraph (60-80 words) to describe it.
- •10. Choose one correct sentence for each picture. There are more sentences than you need.
- •11. Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't and the words in brackets.
- •13. Each of the following sentences contains a mistake. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Unit 11
- •Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
- •Read the text and correct the statements that follow. Metals
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Choose one of the metals mentioned in the text. Think of seven interesting ways it could be used nowadays. Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) about it.
- •10. Transform sentences from Active into Passive Voice.
- •11. Complete the sentences, as in the example.
- •12. In the following description of how plastics are shaped, put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •Injection moulding Blow moulding Extrusion
- •Unit 12
- •In pairs, discuss what is meant by mechanical properties. What mechanical properties do you know?
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow. Mechanical Properties
- •4. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •5. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs.
- •6. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •7. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. What do you think will happen when the world runs out of metals? Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) to answer this question.
- •10. In the following sentences underline the verbs and decide if they are active or passive.
- •11. Transform the sentences from Active into Passive, as in the example.
- •12. Complete the following report of an accident which happened in a factory with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Unit 13
- •Work in pairs. Take turns to give examples of everyday use of numbers in our lives. Look at the pictures and say the time.
- •How are numbers classified? Give examples of rational and irrational numbers.
- •Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •Numbers
- •4. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •5. Decide whether the statements below are true or false:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •Unit 14
- •Look at the picture and read the following Roman numerals.
- •Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text:
- •Numerals
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Choose one of the following quotations and explain what it means. Do you agree with the quote? Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) to express your opinion.
- •10. Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- •11. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Add a comma where necessary.
- •Unit 15
- •What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow. Geometric Figures
- •4. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •10. Complete the table.
- •11. Four of the sentences below contain a mistake. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •12. Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- •Unit 16
- •What do we use scales, thermometers, speedometers, clocks for? What other measuring instruments do you know? What are they used for?
- •Read about measuring instruments and complete sentences 1-5 with words from the text:
- •Measuring Instruments
- •4. Match each word from the text with its synonym:
- •5. Choose the proper item:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Choose one of the following quotations and explain what it means. Do you agree with the quote? Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) to express your point of view.
- •10. Fill in the blanks with a/an or the where necessary.
- •11.. Fill in the blanks with the where necessary.
- •12. Decide if the following nouns are countable or uncountable and write them in the appropriate column below.
- •Unit 17
- •Match the invention to its inventor.
- •What do you think are the most outstanding inventions in human history? Why are they important?
- •3. Read the text and put the inventions in the chronological order:
- •Inventions
- •4. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •5. Correct the following statements:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •10. Choose the proper item.
- •11. Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- •12. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 18
- •What other types of engines do you know? What is the difference between them?
- •3. Read the text and say whether the statements that follow are true or false. Types of Engines
- •9. Imagine that you are an engineer working at the plant and you have to explain the functions of different engines to your new colleague. Read the text again and make an outline of your explanation.
- •10. Fill in the gaps with little / a little or few / a few.
- •11. Choose and underline the proper item to complete the sentences.
- •12. Fill in the blanks with little / a little or few / a few.
- •Unit 19
- •Work in pairs. Look at the products in the pictures. What do you think makes their design good or bad?
- •Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
- •Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •Industrial Design
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •7. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs.
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Imagine that you are working in the manufacturing company. Describe the design of your website. For example, it can be for selling manufacturing tools. Decide:
- •10. Put the following in order from the most to the least.
- •11. Complete the sentences with the words given in brackets.
- •12. Fill in many, much or a lot of.
- •Unit 20
- •In pairs, discuss the benefits and problems of recycling technologies in manufacturing.
- •What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
- •3. Read the text and answer the questions that follow. Manufacturing
- •4. Choose the proper item:
- •5. Correct the following statements:
- •6. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •7. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Solve the crossword:
- •9. Imagine that you work in the technical department of a manufacturing company. Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) about manufacturing processes using the information from the text above.
- •10. Complete the following sentences using the correct preposition or linking word.
- •11. Five of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them
- •12. Underline the correct preposition.Use a dictionary if it’s necessary.
- •Граматичний довідник Іменник (the Noun)
- •Артикль (the Article)
- •Неозначений артикль a/an
- •Означений артикль the
- •Артиклі не вживаються:
- •Займенник (the Pronoun)
- •Прикметник (the Adjective) / Прислівник (the Adverb)
- •Прийменник (the Preposition)
- •Числівник (the Numeral)
- •Порядок слів у розповідному, запитальному та заперечному реченні. Коротка відповідь на запитання.
- •I. Загальні запитання
- •I. Спеціальні запитання
- •III. Альтернативні запитання
- •IV. Розділові запитання
- •Дієслово (the Verb)
- •Утворення часів активного стану (див. Зведену таблицю часів активного стану)
- •Зведена таблиця часів активного стану (active voice)
- •Активний стан дієслова (active voice) Часові форми дієслів
- •Present Simple
- •Past Simple
- •Future Simple
- •Present Continuous
- •Past Continuous
- •Future Continuous
- •Present Perfect
- •Past Perfect
- •Future Perfect
- •Present Perfect-Continuous
- •Модальні дієслова (Modal Verbs)
- •Узгодження часів (Sequence of Tenses)
- •Перетворення запитальних речень у непряму мову
- •Перетворення спонукальних речень з прямої у непряму мову
- •Інфінітив (the Infinitive)
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив з to
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив без to
- •Складний додаток з інфінітивом
- •Герундій ( the Gerund)
- •Ми використовуємо герундій :
- •Дієприкметник (the Participle)
- •Умовний спосіб дієслова (Conditionals)
- •Найбільш вживані скорочення дієслівних форм
Present Perfect-Continuous
Називає:
Дію, що почалась у минулому і все ще триває у момент мовлення. Примітно, що є вказівка на період тривалості цієї дії. Напр.. He has been working for this company for three years. (He began working for this company three years ago and he is still working there.)
Дію, що тривала і завершилась безпосередньо перед моментом мовлення. Напр.. His hands are dirty. He has been fixing his car.
Примітка:
Ми використовуємо present perfect замість present perfect continuous з дієсловами, що не вживаються в часах continuous (know, believe, like, та ін.). Напр.. I have known Sharon since we were at school together.
З дієсловами live, work, feel, teach ми можемо вживати present perfect або present perfect continuous без різниці у значенні. Напр.. He has been living/has lived here since 1994.
Вирази часу:
Since, for, all morning/afternoon/evening/week/day, how long (у запитаннях).
Past Perfect Continuous
Називає:
Дію, що тривала і завершилась перед моментом або іншою дією у минулому. Напр.. She had been waiting for the bus for half an hour before it came.
Вирази часу:
Since, for, how long, before, until, та ін.
Future Perfect Continuous
Називає:
Дію, що триватиме і завершиться перед моментом або іншою дією у майбутньому. Напр.. By the end of next month, Alec will have been building houses for ten years. By the time she arrives in Paris, she will have been traveling for four hours.
Вирази часу:
By…for
Пасивний стан (Passive Voice)
Зведена таблиця часів пасивного стану (Passive Voice)
Групи Часи |
Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Present |
I am drawn She is drawn They are drawn |
I am being drawn He is being drawn You are being drawn |
I have been drawn It has been drawn |
Past |
I was drawn We were drawn |
I was being drawn They were being drawn |
I had been drawn |
Future |
I will be drawn |
———— |
I will have been drawn |
Future in the Past |
I would be drawn |
———— |
I would have been drawn |
Ми утворюємо Passive Voice за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be та смислового дієслова у третій формі (Past Participle).
to be + past participle |
Форми пасивного стану:
Present Simple: am/is/are + pp The pressure is measured twice a day. |
Present Continuous: am/is are being + pp The pressure is being measured now. |
Past Simple: was/were + pp The pressure was measured in the morning. |
Past Continuous: was/were being + pp The pressure was being measured when the engineer came in. |
Present Perfect: have/ has been + pp The pressure has just been measured. |
Past Perfect: had been + pp The pressure had been measured before the engineer came in. |
Future Simple: will be + pp The pressure will be measured in the evening. |
Вживання
Часи пасивного стану називають ті ж самі дії, що і відповідні їм часи активного стану. Ми використовуємо активний стан, коли підмет речення сам виконує дію і пасивний стан, коли дія виконується над підметом.
Перетворення активного стану на пасивний
При перетворенні активного стану на пасивний:
1) додаток речення в активному стані стає підметом речення в пасивному стані.
2) форма активного стану дієслова замінюється відповідною формою пасивного стану дієслова.
3) підмет речення в активному стані стає агентом (виконавцем дії) речення в пасивному стані.
Наприклад :
|
підмет |
дієслово |
додаток |
|
|
підмет |
дієслово |
агент |
активний стан |
Tom |
sent |
a letter. |
|
пасивний стан |
A letter |
was sent |
by Tom. |
Розгляньте таблицю:
Present Simple |
She teaches them. |
They are taught. |
Present Continuous |
She is teaching them. |
They are being taught. |
Past Simple |
She taught them. |
They were taught. |
Past Continuous |
She was teaching them. |
They were being taught. |
Present Perfect |
She has taught them. |
They have been taught. |
Past Perfect |
She had taught them. |
They had been taught. |
Future Simple |
She will teach them. |
They will have been taught. |
Modals (modal+be+pp) |
She can teach them. |
They can be taught. |
У пасивному стані вживаються лише ті дієслова, які приймають після себе додаток. Напр. Engineers produce designs by CAD programs. Designs are produced by CAD programs. But: The designer works quickly. (Таке речення не може бути перетворене у пасивний стан, оскільки дієслово не приймає додатка.)
З дієсловами, які приймають два додатки, такими, як ask, bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, offer, give, pay, lend, та ін. ми можемо утворити пасивний стан двома способами, так, щоб кожний із цих двох додатків став підметом речення.
Active:
He gave me this book.
Passive:
a) I was given this book.
b) This book was given to me.
Якщо після дієслова у реченні в активному стані є прийменник, то цей прийменник зберігає своє місце після дієслова і у реченні в пассивному стані. Напр.. The chief engineer looked through the documents and signed them. The documents were looked through and signed.