Добавил:

Studfiles2 Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ"

Предмет:

Микроэлектроника сверхвысоких частот

Файл:

Микроэлектроника СВЧ

.pdf

Скачиваний:

116

Добавлен:

01.05.2014

Размер:

318.5 Кб

Скачать

☆

<<< < Предыдущая 12 / 42 3 4 > Следующая >>>

i_j_^Zqb mf_gvrZ_lky \ ^\Z jZaZ ih hlghr_gbx d _]h agZq_gbx gZ j_ah
gZgkghc qZklhl_ GZ]jm`_ggZy ^h[jhlghklv j_ahgZlhjZ hij_^_ey_lky _]h
ihehkhc ijhimkdZgby		Kh[kl\_ggZy ^h[jhlghklv fh`_l [ulv
gZc^_gZ ba Z \g_rgyy ba
	Kh^_j`Zgb_ b ihjy^hd \uiheg_gby jZ[hlu
	Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm j_ahgZlhjZ ihdZaZggh]h gZ jbk Bkihevamcl_
	fh^_ev j_Zevghc FIE WOLQH k \hegh\uf khijhlb\e_gb_f Hf b ^eb
	ghc O ff b fh^_ev khkj_^hlhq_ggh]h we_f_glZ OXPSHG ^ey hibkZ
	gby _fdhklb k\yab	<uihegbl_ jZkq_l dhwnnbpb_glZ i_j_
	^Zqb j_ahgZlhjZ \ ihehk_ qZklhl « ==p
	K ff GZc^bl_ agZq_gby j_ahgZgkghc qZklhlu aZlmoZgby
	\ghkbfh]h gZ j_ahgZgkghc qZklhl_ b rbjbgu ihehku ijhimkdZgby j_ah
	gZlhjZ GZ hkgh\Zgbb ihemq_gguo ^Zgguo jZkkqblZcl_ gZ]jm`_ggmx
	\g_rgxx b kh[kl\_ggmx ^h[jhlghklb j_ahgZlhjZ
Bkke_^mcl_ dZd \eby_l gZ j_ahgZgkgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm baf_g_gb_ ^eb
	gu j_ahgZlhjZ ff Hij_^_ebl_ j_ahgZgkgmx qZklhlm ^ey dZ`
	^h]h agZq_gby ^ebgu j_ahgZlhjZ
>ey j_ahgZlhjZ ^ebghc O		ff bkke_^mcl_ \ebygb_ _fdhklb k\yab
	iN gZ j_ahgZgkgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm >ey dZ`^h]h agZq_gby
	_fdhklb k\yab hij_^_ebl_ j_ahgZgkgmx qZklhlm \ghkbfh_ aZlmoZgb_ b
	rbjbgm ihehku ijhimkdZgby j_ahgZlhjZ JZkkqblZcl_ gZ]jm`_ggmx
	\g_rgxx b kh[kl\_ggmx ^h[jhlghklb j_ahgZlhjZ
	Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm fbdjhihehkdh\h]h j_ahgZlhjZ jbk k \hegh\uf
	khijhlb\e_gb_f Hf b ^ebghc O ff \ dhlhjhf _fdhklgu_ we_
	f_glu k\yab j_Zebah\Zgu \ \b^_ aZahjZ fh^_ev JDS < hdg_ khh[s_
	gbc gZc^bl_ agZq_gb_ _fdhklb k\yab khhl\_lkl\mxs_c aZahjm k ^ebghc
	ff b rbjbghc ff <uihegbl_ jZkq_l dhwnnbpb_glZ i_j_^Zqb
	j_ahgZlhjZ \ ^bZiZahg_ qZklhl« ==p k fZdkbfZevgh \hafh`guf qb
	kehf qZklhlguo lhq_d		K	ff
	Hij_^_ebl_ ijbf_jgh_ agZq_gb_ qZklhlu b ]h j_ahgZgkh\

Jbk

Bkke_^mcl_ dZ`^uc ba i_j\uo lj_o j_ahgZg
	kh\ \ madhc ihehk_ qZklhl
	GZc^bl_ lhqgh_ agZq_gb_ j_ahgZgkghc qZk
	lhlu aZlmoZgb_ \ghkbfh_ gZ j_ahgZgkghc
	qZklhl_ b rbjbgm ihehku ijhimkdZgby j_ah
	gZlhjZ JZkkqblZcl_ \k_ ^h[jhlghklb
Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm fbdjhihehkdh\h]h j_ah
	gZlhjZ jbk k \hegh\uf khijhlb\e_gb
			Jbk
	_f Hf b ^ebghc O	ff AZahju k\yab
	bf_xl ^ebgm ff b rbjbgm ff Hij_^_ebl_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb j_ah
	gZlhjZ ^ey i_j\uo lj_o j_ahgZgkh\
	K ff b kjZ\gbl_ bo k j_amevlZlZfb bkke_^h\Zgbc ih ii b
	Dhgljhevgu_ \hijhku
Knhjfmebjmcl_ mkeh\b_ j_ahgZgkZ ^ey j_ahgZlhjZ gZ hlj_ad_ ebgbb
	i_j_^Zqb DZd qZklhlZ i_j\h]h j_ahgZgkZ k\yaZgZ k ^ebghc j_ahgZlhjZ"
	< dZdhf gZijZ\e_gbb baf_gy_lky j_ahgZgkgZy qZklhlZ ijb m\_ebq_gbb
	mf_gvr_gbb aZahjZ k\yab \ j_ahgZlhj_ ihdZaZgghf gZ jbk "
	< dZdhf kemqZ_ \ghkbfh_ aZlmoZgb_ gZ j_ahgZgkghc qZklhl_ [m^_l f_gv
	r_ ijb bkihevah\Zgbb rbjhdbo beb madbo aZahjh\ k\yab jbk "
	DZd b ihq_fm baf_gy_lky gZ]jm`_ggZy ^h[jhlghklv ijb baf_g_gbb ^eb
	gu aZahjh\ k\yab jbk "
	DZdbf khhlghr_gb_f k\yaZgu qZklhlu b ]h j_ahgZgkh\ m b^_Zev
	gh]h j_ahgZlhjZ gZ hlj_ad_ ebgbb i_j_^Zqb" Ihq_fm m j_ahgZlhjZ gZ
	hlj_ad_ j_Zevghc FIE wlh khhlghr_gb_ g_ \uihegy_lky"

EZ[hjZlhjgZy jZ[hlZ ‹

BKKE?>H<:GB? G:IJ:<E?GGUO HL<?L<BL?E?C

P_ev jZ[hlu ± bkke_^h\Zgb_ ieZgZjguo gZijZ\e_gguo hl\_l\bl_e_c k jZagufb dhwnnbpb_glZfb ^_e_gby

H[t_dlu bkke_^h\Zgby

GZijZ\e_gguf hl\_l\bl_e_f GH ijbgylh gZau\Zlv \hkvfbihexkgh_ mkljhckl\h kem`Zs__ ^ey gZijZ\e_ggh]h hl\_l\e_gby fhsghklb ba hkgh\ ghc i_j\bqghc ebgbb i_j_^Zqb \h \lhjbqgmx

[

Jbk

Nmgdpby b^_Zevgh]h GH j_Zebam_lky \h \aZbfghf kbff_ljbqghf \hkv

fbihexkgbd_ [_a ihl_jv kh]eZkh\Zgghf ih \k_f \oh^Zf Ijb wlhf fhs

ghklv kb]gZeZ ih^Zggh]h \ h^gh ba ie_q ijb mkeh\bb qlh \k_ ie_qb gZ]jm

`_gu gZ kh]eZkh\Zggu_ gZ]jmadb jZkij_^_ey_lky f_`^m ^\mfy \uoh^gufb

ie_qZfb Z q_l\_jlh_ ie_qh GH hklZ_lky jZa\yaZgguf l _ fhsghklv \

g_]h g_ ihklmiZ_l LZdbf h[jZahf ijb hlkmlkl\bb hljZ`_gbc \ jZa\yaZgghf

ie_q_ GH \uklmiZ_l \ jheb ^\modZgZevgh]h ^_ebl_ey fhsghklb K<Q <

kbem ijbgpbiZ \aZbfghklb GH fh`_l lZd`_ bkihevah\Zlvky b \ dZq_kl\_

kmffZlhjZ fhsghklb GH ih^jZa^_eyxlky gZ khgZijZ\e_ggu_ jbk Z b

ijhlb\hgZijZ\e_ggu_ jbk [

Dhwnnbpb_gl ^_e_gby GH ± [_ajZaf_jgZy \_ebqbgZ hij_^_ey_fZy

hlghr_gb_f fhsghkl_c \ \uoh^guo ie_qZo ijb mkeh\bb qlh \k_ ie_qb

gZ]jm`_gu gZ kh]eZkh\Zggu_

gZ]jmadb

^ey khgZijZ\e_ggh]h b ijhlb\hgZijZ\e_g

gh]h hl\_l\bl_e_c khhl\_lkl\_ggh Dhwnnbpb_gl ^_e_gby h[uqgh ij_^

klZ\eyxl \ \b^_ hlghr_gby p_euo qbk_e P

b l ^ Khhlghr_

gb_ fhsghkl_c \ \uoh^guo ie_qZo GH k

jZaebqguf dhwnnbpb_glhf

^_e_gby ijb\_^_gh \ lZ[e

LZ[ebpZ

Fhsghklv \ \uoh^guo ie_qZo GH ijb jZaebqghf P

	GH k dhwnnbpb_glhf ^_e_gby P h[_ki_qb\Zxsbc jZ\gh_ ^_e_
gb_ fhsghklb f_`^m \uoh^Zfb gZau\Z_lky lj_o^_pb[_evguf GH beb ]b[
jb^guf mkljhckl\hf Fhklhf gZau\Z_lky ]b[jb^guc GH m dhlhjh]h \hegu \
\uoh^guo ie_qZo bf_xl ihklhygguc nZah\uc k^\b] \ jZ[hq_c ihehk_ qZk
lhl GZb[hevr__ jZkijhkljZg_gb_ ihemqbeb d\Z^jZlmjgu_ GH							b
kbgnZagh ijhlb\hnZagu_ GH				beb
	GZ ijZdlbd_ rbjhdh ijbf_gyxlky ^\more_cnguc GH dhevp_\hc GH b
GH gZ k\yaZgguo ebgbyo i_j_^Zqb IZjZf_lju GH ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e
	Kh^_j`Zgb_ b ihjy^hd \uiheg_gby jZ[hlu
	Bkihevamy ^Zggu_ lZ[e b hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm ^\more_cngh]h GH
	gZ b^_Zevguo FIE WOLQH k iZjZf_ljZfb h[_ki_qb\Zxsbfb						jZ\gh_
	^_e_gb_ fhsghklb f_`^m \uoh^gufb ie_qZfb P					JZkkqblZcl_
	oZjZdl_jbklbdb mkljhckl\Z 6 6 6 b 6 \ ^bZiZahg_ qZklhl
	« ==p				K ff Hij_^_ebl_ \
	dZdb_ ie_qb mkljhckl\Z hkms_kl\ey_lky ^_e_gb_ fhsghklb gZ p_gljZev
	ghc qZklhl_ Hij_^_ebl_ jZaghklv nZa kb]gZeh\ \ \uoh^guo ie_qZo GH
	gZ p_gljZevghc qZklhl_
	Hij_^_ebl_ jZ[hqmx ihehkm qZklhl GH					\ ij_^_eZo
	dhlhjhc baf_g_gb_ fhsghklb \uoh^guo kb]gZeh\ g_ ij_\urZ_l
	± r ^; Hp_gbl_ dZd f_gy_lky jZaghklv nZa \uoh^guo kb]gZeh\ \
	ij_^_eZo jZ[hq_c ihehku qZklhl Y\ey_lky eb lZdhc GH fhklhf"
	Ih\lhjbl_ bkke_^h\Zgby ih i aZf_gb\ b^_Zevgu_ FIE \ khklZ\_ GH
	gZ j_Zevgu_ k ihl_jyfb b qZklhlghc ^bki_jkb_c WOLQH K^_eZcl_ \u\h^
	h \ebygbb ihl_jv b ^bki_jkbb gZ oZjZdl_jbklbdb GH
	Ih ieZgm i \uihegbl_ bkke_^h\Zgb_ ^\more_cngh]h GH k g_jZ\guf
	^_e_gb_f fhsghklb f_`^m \uoh^gufb ie_qZfb P					b
	D	^\mf ie_qZf	b^_Zevgh]h	lj_o^_pb[_evgh]h		re_cngh]h fhklZ
	P	\ dhlhju_ hkms_kl\ey_lky ^_e_gb_ fhsghklb ijbkh_^bgbl_
	h^bgZdh\u_ gZ]jmadb \ \b^_			khkj_^hlhq_ggh]h		we_f_glZ OXPSHG
	aZa_fe_ggh]h gZ ^jm]hf dhgp_ Bkke_^mcl_ 6 iZjZf_lju hklZ\r_cky
	iZju ie_q GH dh]^Z \ dZq_kl\_ gZ]jmadb \uklmiZ_l dhjhldh_ aZfudZgb_
	ohehklhc oh^ _fdhklv iN bg^mdlb\ghklv g=g >ey dZ`
	^hc gZ]jmadb hij_^_ebl_ agZq_gby nZau \uoh^gh]h kb]gZeZ gZ p_gl
	jZevghc qZklhl_ Bkke_^mcl_ qlh ijhbahc^_l _keb h^gZ gZ]jmadZ [m^_l
	bf_lv _fdhklguc oZjZdl_j Z ^jm]Zy± bg^mdlb\guc

				LZ[ebpZ
	IZjZf_lju gZijZ\e_gguo hl\_l\bl_e_c
			GH gZ k\yaZgguo
	>\more_cnguc
		Dhevp_\hc GH
			ebgbyo i_j_^Zqb
	GH
IZjZf_lju GH

	J	J
		Ijhlb\hgZijZ\		Ijhlb\hgZijZ\
Lbi	KhgZijZ\e_gguc e_gguc kbgnZagh			e_gguc
gZijZ\e_gghklb	d\Z^jZlmjguc
		ijhlb\hnZaguc		d\Z^jZlmjguc
Mkeh\b_
kh]eZkh\Zgby
Dhwnnbpb_gl
^_e_gby P
<hegh\u_
khijhlb\e_gby
^ey aZ^Zggh]h P
P
P
P

Hj]Zgbamcl_ dZkdZ^gh_ kh_^bg_gb_ ^\mo b^_Zevguo lj_o^_pb[_evguo re_cnguo fhklh\ kh_^bgb\ bo ijb ihfhsb hlj_adh\ ebgbb i_j_^Zqb k \hegh\uf khijhlb\e_gb_f Hf b we_dljbq_kdhc ^ebghc q Hij_^_ ebl_ dZd hkms_kl\ey_lky ^_e_gb_ fhsghklb \ mkljhckl\_ gZ p_gljZev ghc qZklhl_ H[tykgbl_ ihemq_ggu_ j_amevlZlu bkihevamy hibkZgb_ jZ[hlu re_cngh]h fhklZ \ j_`bf_ ^_ebl_ey b \ j_`bf_ kmffZlhjZ

Bkihevamy ^Zggu_ lZ[e b hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm dhevp_\h]h GH k dhwnnbpb_glhf ^_e_gby P gZ hkgh\_ b^_Zevguo FIE >ey ^Zggh ]h GH \uihegbl_ bkke_^h\Zgby ih ieZgm ii b Hij_^_ebl_ dZd ba f_gy_lky jZaghklv nZa \uoh^guo kb]gZeh\ gZ p_gljZevghc qZklhl_ ijb baf_g_gbb iheh`_gby \oh^Z

Bkke_^mcl_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb dhevp_\h]h GH k g_jZ\guf ^_e_gb_f fhs ghklb f_`^m \uoh^gufb ie_qZfb P b

Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm GH gZ k\yaZgguo ebgbyo i_j_^Zqb FOLQHV Bkihev amy ^Zggu_ lZ[e b bkke_^mcl_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb GH k jZaebqguf dhwnnbpb_glhf ^_e_gby Hij_^_ebl_ \ dZdb_ ie_qb mkljhckl\Z hkm s_kl\ey_lky ^_e_gb_ fhsghklb gZ p_gljZevghc qZklhl_ Hij_^_ebl_ jZaghklv nZa kb]gZeh\ \ \uoh^guo ie_qZo GH gZ p_gljZevghc qZklhl_

Dhgljhevgu_ \hijhku

Q_f hij_^_ey_lky dhwnnbpb_gl ^_e_gby re_cngh]h fhklZ"DZd ijb ba f_g_gbb dhwnnbpb_glZ ^_e_gby khojZgblv kh]eZkh\Zgb_ fhklZ ih \k_f \oh^Zf"

DZd \ebyxl gZ oZjZdl_jbklbdb re_cngh]h fhklZ gZ]jmadb ijbkh_^bg_g gu_ d ie_qZf \ dhlhju_ hkms_kl\ey_lky ^_e_gb_ fhsghklb"

Ihq_fm ^\Z ihke_^h\Zl_evgh kh_^bg_gguo lj_o^_pb[_evguo re_cnguo fhklZ iha\heyxl iheghklvx i_j_^Zlv \oh^gmx fhsghklv \ h^gh ba ie_q"

DZd ijhbkoh^bl jZkij_^_e_gb_ fhsghklb ih \uoh^guf ie_qZf \ dhev p_\hf GH \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl \u[hjZ \oh^gh]h ie_qZ"DZd ijb wlhf f_gy xlky nZah\u_ khhlghr_gby \uoh^guo kb]gZeh\"

DZdhc ba bkke_^m_fuo GH y\ey_lky gZb[he__ rbjhdhihehkguf Z dZdhc bf__l gZbf_gvrmx jZ[hqmx ihehkm qZklhl"

EZ[hjZlhjgZy jZ[hlZ ‹

BKKE?>H<:GB? NBEVLJH< K<Q

P_ev jZ[hlu ± bkke_^h\Zgb_ ko_f K<Q nbevljh\ gZ khkj_^hlhq_gguo we_f_glZo b gZ hkgh\_ ihem\hegh\uo fbdjhihehkdh\uo j_ahgZlhjh\

H[t_dlu bkke_^h\Zgby
Nbevljhf gZau\Z_lky j_Zdlb\guc \aZbfguc q_luj_oihexkgbd h[_ki_
qb\Zxsbc ihegh_ ijhoh`^_gb_ kb]gZeZ hl bklhqgbdZ d gZ]jmad_ \ g_dhlhjhc
aZ^Zgghc ihehk_ qZklhl gZau\Z_fhc ihehkhc ijhimkdZgby b ihegh_ hljZ
`_gb_ kb]gZeZ \ hklZevghc qZklb qZklhlgh]h ^bZiZahgZ gZau\Z_fhc iheh
khc aZibjZgby JZaebqZxl nbevlju gb`gbo qZklhl NGQ nbevlju \_jogbo
qZklhl N<Q ihehkgh ijhimkdZxsb_ nbevlju IIN b ihehkgh aZ]jZ`^Zx
sb_ nbevlju IAN IhehkZ ijhimkdZgby NGQ e_`bl \ h[eZklb hl ^h qZk
lhlu kj_aZ ^ey N<Q ihehkZ ijhimkdZgby ijhklbjZ_lky hl				^h f ^ey
IIN ihehkZ ijhimkdZgby e_`bl f_`^m qZklhlZfb b			^ey IAN f_`^m
qZklhlZfb b	e_`bl ihehkZ aZibjZgby
Hkgh\ghc oZjZdl_jbklbdhc nbevljZ \ ihehk_ ijhimkdZgby y\ey_lky dh
wnnbpb_gl i_j_^Zqb fhsghklb hij_^_ey_fuc hlghr_gb_f \oh^ghc fhs
ghklb d fhsghklb ihklmib\r_c \ gZ]jmadm				beb \gh

kbfh_ aZlmoZgb_ \ujZ`Z_fh_ \ ^_pb[_eZo

< hkgh\_ kbgl_aZ nbevljh\ e_`bl lZd gZau\Z_fuc gbadhqZklhlguc GQ
ijhlhlbi ij_^klZ\ey_fuc e_klgbqghc ko_fhc khklhys_c ba ihke_^h\Z
l_evguo bg^mdlb\ghkl_c b iZjZee_evguo _fdhkl_c jbk DZ`^uc j_Zd
lb\guc we_f_gl GQ ijhlhlbiZ gZau\Z_lky a\_ghf Qbkeh a\_gv_\ hij_^_
ey_l ihjy^hd nbevljZ >ey kbgl_aZ GQ ijhlhlbiZ bkihevam_lky hibkZgb_
_]h oZjZdl_jbklbdb ihebghfhf kl_i_gb 1 hl		d\Z^jZlZ ghjfbjh\Zgghc
qZklhlu	Kl_i_gv ihebghfZ aZ^Z_l ihjy^hd nbevljZ

GQ Ijhlhlbi fh`_l [ulv ij_h[jZah\Zg \ ex[hc ^jm]hc nbevlj ijb ih fhsb qZklhlgh]h ij_h[jZah\Zgby dhlhjh_ hij_^_ey_l ijZ\beZ aZf_gu _fdhklguo b bg^mdlb\guo we_f_glh\ ijhlhlbiZ gZ j_ahgZgkgu_ dhglmju \

Jbk

khklZ\_ IIN b IAN LZd ijb ij_h[jZah\Zgbb \ IIN ihke_^h\Zl_evgZy bg^mdlb\ghklv GQ ijhlhlbiZ aZf_gy_lky gZ ihke_^h\Zl_evguc /& dhglmj Z iZjZee_evgZy _fdhklv± gZ iZjZee_evguc /& dhglmj jbk < j_Zevguo nbevljZo /& dhglmju j_Zebamxlky dZd ijZ\beh gZ j_ahgZlhjZo \uiheg_g guo \ \b^_ hlj_adh\ ebgbc i_j_^Zqb Ijb wlhf m^h[gh bkihevah\Zlv lhevdh iZjZee_evgu_ dhglmju Ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ ihke_^h\Zl_evguo dhglmjh\ \ iZjZee_evgu_ \uihegy_lky k ihfhsvx bg\_jlhjh\ ijh\h^bfhklb \ jheb dhlhjuo \uklmiZxl we_f_glu k\yab f_`^m j_ahgZlhjZfb

	Kh^_j`Zgb_ b ihjy^hd \uiheg_gby jZ[hlu
	Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm NGQ gZ khkj_^hlhq_gguo we_f_glZo jbk k fZd
	kbfZevgh iehkdhc FIO b Q_[ur_\kdhc oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb QO Hij_
	^_ebl_ ihjy^hd nbevljh\ >ey h[hbo NGQ jZkkqblZcl_ :QO \ ^bZiZahg_
	qZklhl« ==p kh\f_klb\ oZjZdl_jbklbdb gZ h^ghf ]jZnbd_ >ey dZ`
	^h]h nbevljZ hij_^_ebl_ qZklhlm kj_aZ oZjZdl_jbklbdb i_j_^Zqb ih
	mjh\gx ± ^; b djmlbagm oZjZdl_jbklbdb i_j_^Zqb gZ mqZkld_
	« ==p >ey NGQ k Q_[ur_\kdhc oZjZdl_jbklbdhc lZd`_ hij_^_ebl_
	mjh\_gv imevkZpbc dhwnnbpb_glZ i_j_^Zqb b dhwnnbpb_glZ hljZ`_gby
	\ ihehk_ ijhimkdZgby
	Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm IIN gZ khkj_^hlhq_gguo we_f_glZo jbk Hij_
	^_ebl_ ihjy^hd nbevljZ JZkkqblZcl_ :QO \ ihehk_ qZklhl « ==p
	Hij_^_ebl_ p_gljZevgmx qZklhlm nbevljh\hc oZjZdl_jbklbdb rbjbgm
	ihehku ijhimkdZgby ih mjh\gx imevkZpbc dhwnnbpb_glZ i_j_^Zqb djm

Jbk

lbagm kdehgh\ oZjZdl_jbklbdb i_j_^Zqb b mjh\_gv imevkZpbc dhwnnbpb _glZ hljZ`_gby \ ihehk_ ijhimkdZgby

GZ jbk ihdZaZgZ j_ZebaZpby IIN ]h ihjy^dZ \ \b^_ bgl_]jZevghc ko_fu gZ ihem\hegh\uo fbdjhihehkdh\uo j_ahgZlhjZo k hdhg_qgufb k\yayfb Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm lZdh]h nbevljZ bkihevamy fh^_ev b^_Zev ghc FIE WOLQH b khkj_^hlhq_ggh]h we_f_glZ OXPSHG KjZ\gbl_ oZjZd l_jbklbdb ^Zggh]h nbevljZ k oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb IIN gZ khkj_^hlhq_g guo we_f_glZo i \ madhc« ==p b rbjhdhc« ==p ihehkZo qZklhl Bkke_^mcl_ dZd baf_gylky oZjZdl_jbklbdb nbevljZ ijb bkihev ah\Zgbb j_Zevguo FIE k aZlmoZgb_f b qZklhlghc ^bki_jkb_c WOLQH

GZ jbk ihdZaZgZ j_ZebaZpby IIN ]h ihjy^dZ \ \b^_ bgl_]jZevghc ko_fu gZ ihem\hegh\uo fbdjhihehkdh\uo j_ahgZlhjZo k [hdh\ufb k\y ayfb Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm lZdh]h nbevljZ bkihevamy fh^_ev k\yaZgguo FIE FOLQHV KjZ\gbl_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb ^Zggh]h nbevljZ k oZjZdl_jbklb dZfb IIN gZ khkj_^hlhq_gguo we_f_glZo i \ madhc « ==p b rbjhdhc« ==p ihehk_ qZklhl Bkke_^mcl_ dZd baf_gylky oZjZdl_ jbklbdb nbevljZ ijb bkihevah\Zgbb \ _]h khklZ\_ hlj_adh\ k\yaZgguo FIE k aZlmoZgb_f b qZklhlghc ^bki_jkb_c FOLQHV

Jbk

GZ jbk ihdZaZg wkdba lhiheh]bb bgl_]jZevghc ko_fu IIN ]h ih jy^dZ Hibrbl_ kljmdlmjm lZdh]h nbevljZ bkihevamy fh^_ev k\yaZgguo FIE FOLQHV KjZ\gbl_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb ^Zggh]h nbevljZ k oZjZdl_jbklb dZfb IIN ]h ihjy^dZ bkke_^h\Zggh]h \ i

Dhgljhevgu_ \hijhku

Hl q_]h aZ\bkbl djmlbagZ kdehgh\ :QO nbevljZ" DZd fh`gh m\_ebqblv djmlbagm oZjZdl_jbklbdb"

Q_f hlebqZxlky oZjZdl_jbklbdb nbevljh\ gZ khkj_^hlhq_gguo we_f_g lZo b hlj_adZo ebgbc i_j_^Zqb"Ihq_fm"

Q_f hij_^_ey_lky p_gljZevgZy qZklhlZ nbevljh\hc oZjZdl_jbklbdb"

Q_f hij_^_ey_lky rbjbgZ ihehku ijhimkdZgby nbevljZ"

Q_f hij_^_eyxlky ihl_jb \ ihehk_ ijhimkdZgby nbevljZ"

EZ[hjZlhjgZy jZ[hlZ ‹

IJBGPBIU IHKLJH?GBY KH=E:KMXSBO P?I?C

P_ev jZ[hlu ± bamq_gb_ ijbgpbih\ ihkljh_gby b ko_f kh]eZkmxsbo p_i_c gZ khkj_^hlhq_gguo b jZkij_^_e_gguo we_f_glZo


H[t_dlu bkke_^h\Zgby
Kh]eZkmxs_c p_ivx KP gZau\Z_lky j_Zdlb\guc \aZbfguc q_luj_o
ihexkgbd ljZgknhjfbjmxsbc khijhlb\e_gb_ dhfie_dkghc gZ]jmadb d \he
gh\hfm khijhlb\e_gbx ebgbb ih^dexq_gghc d _]h \oh^m			Kh]
eZkh\Zgb_ gZ aZ^Zgghc qZklhl_ \uihegy_lky iml_f \u[hjZ we_f_glh\ KP
h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo jZ\_gkl\h gmex fgbfhc qZklb \oh^gh]h khijhlb\e_gby b
jZ\_gkl\Z	H[uqgh bkihevam_lky ij_^klZ\e_gb_ khijhlb\e_gby
gZ]jmadb \ ghjfbjh\Zgghf \b^_ lh]^Z		Wlh agZq_gb_ khhl\_lkl\m_l

p_gljm djm]h\hc ^bZ]jZffu iheguo khijhlb\e_gbc >ey kh]eZkh\Zgby dhfie_dkgh]h khijhlb\e_gby gZ]jmadb gZ aZ^Zgghc qZ

klhl_ g_h[oh^bfh qlh[u KP khklhyeZ ih djZcg_c f_j_ ba ^\mo we_f_glh\ Z ^\mo khkj_^hlhq_gguo / beb & we_f_glh\ \ ex[hc dhf[bgZpbb /±/ /±& &±& h^bg ba dhlhjuo \dexqZ_lky ihke_^h\Zl_evgh Z ^jm]hc± iZjZe e_evgh jbk [ hlj_adZ ebgbb i_j_^Zqb b khkj_^hlhq_ggh]h / beb & we_f_glZ \ hlj_adZ ebgbb i_j_^Zqb b iZjZee_evgh]h re_cnZ jbk

] hlj_adZ ebgbb i_j_^Zqb b q_l\_jlv\hegh\h]h ljZgknhjfZlhjZ jbk

<<< < Предыдущая 12 / 42 3 4 > Следующая >>>