Тема 5

ГРАММАТИКА

I. Глагол "to have (got)" в настоящем времени

Утвердительная форма		Отрицательная форма		Вопросительная форма
Полная форма	Краткая форма	Полная форма	Краткая форма
I have got	I’ve got	I have not got	I haven' t got	Have I got?
He She has got It	He's She's got It’s	He She has not got It	He She hasn't got It	he Has she got? it
We You have got They	We've You've got They've	We You have not got They	We You haven't got They	we Have you got? they

Примеры:

We have got friends in France, but we haven’t got friends in Italy.

Nicky's got a sister and a brother.

Have you got a sister? Yes, I have (No, I haven’t).

Примечания.

1) Глагол to "have got" употребляется для обозначения принадлежности вещей, при описании людей и животных.

2) Глагол "to have got" употребляется в устойчивых выражениях:

I've got a headache; I've got a cold; I've got a problem; I've got a temperature, etc.

3) Глагол "to have" является синонимом "to have got"; в третьем лице единного числа глагол имеет форму "has", отрицательную и вопросительную форму он образует с помощью вспомогательных глаголов "do/does".

Примеры:

I have a dog. Do you have a pet? Jack has a car, but he doesn't have a yacht.

Упражнение 37.

а) Предложите краткие ответы на следующие вопросы:

1) Have you got many friends? Yes, .… 2) Have Nicole and Lucy got new bikes? No, .… 3) Has Bill got a country house? No, .… 4) Has Tommy got a brother? Yes, .… 5) Have you got a key to this room? No, .… 6) Has your girlfriend got a computer? Yes, .… 7) Have the students got a good English-Russian dictionary? Yes, .… 8) Have they got children? No, .… 9) Has Paul got a camera? Yes, ....10) Has Helen got a pet at home? Yes, .…

b) Дополните предложения "have got" и "has got", составьте вопрос и отрицательный ответ:

Пример:

They … a lot of newspapers. - … magazines? – No, …

They have got a lot of newspapers. – Have they got magazines? – No, they haven’t.

1) Valerie ... a mobile phone. - ... a computer? - No, .… 2) Teddy... a jeep. - ... a yacht? - No, .… 3) Molly and Alec ... a two-bedroom house. - ... a large country house? - No, .… 4) The girl ... blue eyes. - ... long hair? - No, .… 5) The children ... a hamster. - ... a goldfish, too? - No, ... 6) Jerry ... a bicycle. - ... a motorbike? - No, .… 7) Mike and Dan ... a camera. - ... a video camera? - No, .… 8) The giraffe ... a long neck. - ... a long tail? - No, .… 9) I ... a sister. - ... a brother? - No, ....10) Their flat ... a balcony. - ... a telephone? - No, .…

c) Дополните предложения структурами "haven't/hasn't got" и словами из списка:

a lot of jewels, a baby-doll, a lot of homework, a telephone, a headache, a long tail, vegetables, a toothache, blue eyes and blonde hair, enough money, four dogs

Пример:

She likes animals very much. She … - She has got four dogs.

1) My cat ....2) I don't feel well, I .... 3) Camilla can't buy this dress, she .… 4) Fiona is very rich, she .... 5) Peter is at home today, he .… 6) We can't make salad, we .… 7) The girl is very beautiful, she .… 8) It's a comfortable flat, but it .… 9) I need to call the dentist because I ....10) She has got a lot of toys, but she .…

Упражнение 38. Составьте предложения из данных слов:

1) two / Leo / sisters / got / has

2) your / got / an / watch / has / expensive / friend?

3) grandmother / got / Rose's / three-room / has / flat / a

4) haven't / many / Andy and Tom / got / friends / true

5) got / your / a / cousin / has / car / good?

6) this term / a lot of / I / got / with / English / have / problems

7) not have got / my / schoolmates / grades / in Maths / good

8. goldfish / seven / got / he's

9) many / got / not have / my brothers / T-shirts

10) a / have / favourite / you / got / writer?

Упражнение 39. Определите, что означает ’s - is, has или притяжательный падеж существительного и занесите номера предложений в соответствующую колонку таблицы:

“is”	“has”	притяжательный падеж

1. Look after Mary’s cat well.

2. My friend’s in Spain now.

3. My little brother’s got a toy-car.

4. Every Saturday I go to Mr. Jordan’s shop.

5. She’s 20 years old.

6. Michael’s hair is black.

7. They are at Tim’s.

8. He’s got a lot of problems with Maths.

9. Robert’s a nice and pleasant man.

10. Lisa’s boots are dirty.

II."Much", "Many" "A Little/Little", "A Few/Few, "A Lot Of"

	с исчисляемыми существительными		c неисчисляемыми существительными
Много	утвердительные предложения a lot of, many*	отрицательные и вопросительные предложения many, a lot of*	утвердительные предложения a lot of, much*	отрицательные и вопросительные предложения much, a lot of*
немного	Not many, a few		Not much, a little
мало	few		little
Сколько?	How many?		How much?

Примеры:

She's got a lot of old letters. She doesn't write many letters every day.

I've got a lot of free time now. Have you got much free time today?

Сравните:

Jill has got a little milk, she can make a cake. - Jill has got little milk, she can't make a cake.

Jill has got a few strawberries, she can make jam. - Jill has got few strawberries, she can't make jam.

Упражнение 40.

а) Вставьте "a lot of", "much", " many":

1) How ... teachers work in this school? 2) The children have got ... comics. 3) We haven't got ... salt and pepper for making dinner. 4) Have you got ... money? Yes, ... 5) How ... apple juice do we need for the party? 6) Has Barbara got ... earrings? No, not ... 7) I haven't got ... CD-records. 8) How ... money do you spend on clothes every month? 9) My sister has got ... shoes and boots. 10) Don't put ... salt in the soup.

b) ответьте на вопросы, используя "many", “much”, "a lot":

1) Have you got many friends? Yes, quite... 2) Do we need many carrots for the soup? No, not... 3) How much money do you spend during your holidays? Not so... 4) Has Jack got any historical books? Yes,... 5) How many tapes has your brother got? Oh,... 6) Have you got much furniture in your room? Not.... only a few pieces. 7) How many tomatoes do you need? Not..., two will do. 8) Have you got enough information for the report? Yes, I've got... 9) Does a T-shirt cost much? No, not..., it's cheap. 10) How much do apartments in your city cost? Quite..., in fact.

c) Дополните вопросы "how much" или "how many":

1) ... money do you earn a month? 2) ... cucumbers do we need for dinner? 3) ... tea does Mary drink a day? 4) ... salt do we put in the soup? 5) ... English books have you got? 6) ... time do you spend on your homework every day? 7) ... does this sweater cost? 8) ... rooms has your flat got? 9) ... English words do you learn a week? 10) ... tapes of this band have you got?

d) Заполните пропуски словами "much" или many":

1. A: How ... sugar would you like?

B: Two kilos, please.

2) A: Do you have ... friends?

B: Oh, yes, I like meeting new people.

3) A: How ... does this coat cost?

B: $ 99, 99.

4) A: There isn't ... cheese in the fridge.

B: OK, I'll get some on my way home.

5. A: How ... potatoes do you need for the cake?

B: Not ..., just two.

6) A: Have you got ... information on this topic?

B: No, unfortunately, not ....

7) A: I don't have ... time, the train leaves at 5. 00.

B: Hurry up then!

8) A: Do you have ... money with you?

B: Yes, quite a lot.

Упражнение 41.

a) Заполните пропуски "a few", "few", "a little", "little":

1) Carol can't make a cake, she's got ... flour. 2) I've got ... strawberries, I can't make jam. 3) He's got ... good friends, he is never lonely. 4) We've got ... shampoo, buy some on your way home. 5) They've got ... chairs, you have to stand. 6) Ann has got ... money, she can buy some butter. 7) Mel has got ... apples, she can make an apple pie. 8) I can't go to the country with you today as I've got ... time. 9) You should put ... chocolate in this cake to make it better. 10) I see only ... people in the park as the weather is not fine today.

b) выберите правильный ответ из предложенных вариантов:

1. I always put... salt in the pie.

   a. few

   b. a little

   c. a few

2. There is... bread, we can't make sandwiches.

   a. little

   b. a lot of

   c. few

3. Pam has got... video cassettes. She buys one every week.

   a. few

   b. a lot of

   c. a lot

4. Jason hasn't got... free time, he works very hard.

   a. a lot of

   b. much

   c. many

5. There is... coffee. Buy two packets of it in the supermarket, please.

   a. very much

   b. very few

   c. very little

6. I am on a diet. I eat ... meat.

   a. a little

   b. few

   c. little

7. I have got... sweets. Take one.

a. few

b. a few

c. a lot of

8) We have got... cucumbers, we can make salad.

a. a few

b. few

c. a little

9) Very ... people learn Swahili nowadays.

a. little

b. a lot of

c. few

10) How... deer live in the forests of Russia?

a. many

b. much

c. few

c) Переведите на английский язык:

1. Много людей,

2. много деревьев,

3. несколько рассказов,

4. немного молока,

5. мало соли,

6. много мяса,

7. мало времени,

8. несколько тарелок,

9. мало новостей,

10. много кофе,

11. много домашней работы,

12. немного масла,

13. немного книг,

14. мало информации,

15. много мышей,

16. много сахара,

17. несколько бизнесменов,

18. мало студентов,

19. мало денег,

20. много раз.

Упражнение 42. Выберите правильную форму из предложенных вариантов:

Dear David,

Thanks 1) a lot/much for your letter. I am glad to be your pen-pal. I have got 2) a little/a few things to tell you about my family and myself.

I live with my parents in a large house. I haven't got any brothers or sisters. Every day I go to school. I like 3) a lot of/many subjects: Maths, English, History and P.E.^* I study hard and so I don't have 4) a lot of/much free time and I have got 5) a few/few hobbies. I really enjoy reading historical novels. I have 6) a little/little pocket money to spend on them, but I try to buy one nearly every week. I have got 7) a lot of/many friends and we often go out together.

Write to me soon and tell me 8) a little/little about yourself.

Best wishes,

Jane.

IV. Настоящее Простое время (Present Simple)

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма		Вопросительная форма
	полная форма	краткая форма
I V (work)	I do not V (work)	I don’t V (work)	Do I V (work)?
He She V-s (works) It	He She does not V (work) It	He She doesn’t V (work) It	he Does she V (work)? it
We You V (work) They	We You do not V (work) They	We You don’t V (work) They	we Do you V (work)? they

• Употребление:

1. для выражения повторяющихся действий в настоящем времени:

I get up at 7 o'clock.

2) для выражения постоянных действий и состояний, свойственных субъекту:

Не works in an office.

3) для выражения законов природы, общеизвестных истин:

The sun sets in the west.

• Образование З-го лица единственного числа:

1. V +-s (walks, learns) ;

2. V–ss/ -sh/ -ch/ -x/ -о + -es (watches, teaches);

3. V-согласная-у +-s = V-ies (try - tries, study - studies)

4. V-гласная-у +-s = V-ys (play - plays, sway - sways).

Упражнение 43

а) Заполните таблицу глаголами в 3 лице единственного числа:

speak, try, pass, begin, say, go, cry, put, push, carry, play, dance, copy, notice, buy, watch, finish, miss, mix, do, study, fry, run, sit, brush, pay, smoke, fetch, fly, paint, crash

-s	-es	-ies

b) раскройте скобки, употребляя необходимые формы глаголов:

1) Ann often ... (go) for a walk with her dog 2) Jerry ... (play) volleyball well.3) I ... (want) to ski, and they ... (want) to sledge. 4) I always ... (bring) presents for my little sister. 5) John ... (do) morning exercises every morning. 6) My grandparents ... (visit) me when I am ill. 7) Mary ... (like) coffee with milk. 8) Timothy ... (have) a lot of toys in his room. 9) My friend never ... (come) home for his holidays. 10) I sometimes …(use) your computer when you are away.

c) Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:

1) He plays chess very well. 2) Helen always invites Nick to her birthday party. 3) We live in Pushkin street. 4) My friend and I go to the stadium every Sunday. 5) John likes to read books. 6) I like playing sports. 7) Simon works for a small insurance company. 8) As a rule my parents take a bus to go to work. 9) Every day at work she deals with paperwork. 10) They go to exhibitions at weekends.

d) Заполните пропуски глаголами “do/does”, “don’t/doesn’t”

1) ... you play the violin? 2) ... your mother sometimes go swimming? 3) ... Sam often write to his pen-friend? 4) I ... speak French, I speak English. 5) ... it snow in your country in winter? 6) Andy ... often cook chicken for dinner. 7) My parents ... eat fast food. 8) He ... live in the country, he has a nice apartment in Moscow. 9) What ... you do? 10) Alison ... do her morning exercises regularly.

e) Предложите краткие ответы на поставленные вопросы:

1) Do you play tennis? Yes, ... 2) Does your sister work at a bookstore? No, ... 3) Do you and your friends often go out in the evenings? No, ... 4) Do they always take a bus to get to work? Yes, ... 5) Does Amy live alone? Yes, ... 6) Does Jack like jazz? No, ... 7) Do Pierre and Isabel speak English? No, ... 8) Do you go out on Friday evenings? No, .... 9) Does your cousin play sports? Yes, ... 10) Does he enjoy his job? Yes, .…

Упражнение 44. Заполните пропуски глаголами "am", "is", "are","do", "does", "have got", "has got":

1) My sister ... very clever. 2) What ... she do in the evening? 3) ... you sleep well? Yes, I ... 4) She ... a teacher in primary school. 5) Where ... he live? 6) Tom ... a lovely house in the country. 7) ... she married? 8) Mary ... two children. 9) Sally ... not like cooking. 10) You … three sons. … you happy? – yes, I …

Упражнение 45. Выберите из второй колонки ответ на вопросы первой колонки:

When do you have breakfast? What does your father do? What do you do at weekends? How often do you go to the theatre? What kind of films do you like? Does Fred live in Spain or in France? Where do you usually go on holiday? Do you play computer games in your free time? Do you like detective stories? How much money do you spend a month?

In France. Yes, I do. Some of them. About $ 1000. At 7 о'clock. I usually meet my friends. He is an accountant. Once a month. I like comedies. To the seaside.

Упражнение 46

Составьте вопросы с предложенными словами:

Примеры:

David goes to University every day (you). – Do you go to University every day?

We drink a lot of tea (Mary). – Does Mary drink much tea?

1) Janet likes romantic novels (Lily). 2) My friend watches TV at weekends (your friend). 3) My sister plays computer games a lot (Patsy). 4) Thomas visits his grandparents every month (his sisters). 5) Andrew eats out every Saturday (Edward and Thomas). 6) Susan drinks four glasses of water a day (her daughter). 7) Angela takes a bus to go to work (her husband). 8) My father knows a lot about the history of our country (your father). 9) Alice likes to play snowballs in winter (Sally and Mary). 10) Mr Green often flies to New York (his business partners).