Тема 3. Грамматика

I. Глагол "to be" ( быть, находиться, являться) в настоящем простом времени

Утвердительная форма		Отрицательная форма		Вопросительная форма
Полная форма	Краткая форма	Полная форма	Краткая форма
I am	I’m	I am not	I'm not	Am I?
Не She is it	He's She's It's	He She is not It	He She isn't It	he? Is she? it?
We You are They	We're You're They're	We You are not They	We You aren't They	we? Are you? they?

Примечание: "to be" употребляется в следующих моделях:

• What is she? She is a teacher.

• What’s your job? – I’m a doctor.

• How old is Nancy? She is 28 (years old).

• He is a tall dark man.

• The book isn't interesting, it's boring.

• Where are John and Alice from? They are from England.

• I am afraid of dogs.

• The child is hungry / thirsty / cold / hot / bored.

• We are at work / on holiday / at home.

Упражнение 15.

а) Перепишите предложения, используя краткие и полные формы глагола:

Пример: She is at home. – She’s at home.

We’re here. – We are here.

1) I'm from Brazil. 2) Where is the magazine? 3) They're students. 4) It is his dog. 5) Where're you from? 6) She is seventeen. 7) My friends aren't at home now. 8) I'm not married. 9) His flat's in the centre. 10) We are not rich.

b) Заполните пропуски соответствующими утвердительными и отрицательными формами глагола “to be”:

1)... she a ballet dancer? Yes, she... She... a very good dancer. 2)... you a pilot? No, I.... I … a lawyer. 3)... Max and Vicky from Austria? No, they …, they… from Switzerland. 4) ... your friend happy now? Yes, he... happy, it... his birthday today. 5)... this dog dangerous? No, it... It... very kind. 6)... you twenty-five years old? Yes, I... 7) This... my case, this... my brother's case. 8)... your parents at work? No, they... They... on holiday. 9)... he a teacher? Yes, he... 10)... you married? No, I... I... single.

с) Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:

1) The keys are in the bag. 2) My uncle is a pilot. 3) John and Peter are from America. 4) The weather is nice today. 5) We are late. 6) The boy is hungry. 7) He is rather young and inexperienced. 8) My sister is 9 years old. 9) Her name is Anna. 10) We are good friends.

d) Составьте предложения из данных слов:

1. angry / mother / at / the boys / is

2. I / are / at home / father / my/ and

3. first / Paul / is / name / his?

4. Chinese / am / I / not

5. you / happy / are?

6. big / Russia / a / country / is

7. cars / very / Japanese / are / expensive

8) mother / а / beautiful / my / is / very / woman

9) a / writer / he / famous / is?

10) are / now / the / busy / boys.

Упражнение 16.

а) Посмотрите на таблицу и ответьте на вопросы:

Nora	Canada	22	bank manager
James	England	37	doctor
Pierre	France	15	student
Tony	England	37	doctor

1) Where is Pierre from? 2) What is his job? 3) How old is he? 4) How old is Nora? 5) What is her job? 6) Where are James and Tony from? 7) What are their jobs? 8) How old are they?

b) Bcтавьтe is/isn't, are /aren't

Nora... from Canada. She... from Australia. She... a bank manager. She... 22.

Pierre... from France. He... a student. He... an interpreter. He... 15.

James and Tony… from England. They... doctors. They …37. They... 47.

Упражнение 17. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1) Я студент, сейчас я нахожусь в университете. 2) Моей сестре 15 лет, она в школе. 3) Откуда Джек? - Он из Великобритании. 4) Мы очень устали и очень голодны. 5) Ваша мама дома? Нет, она на работе. 6) Сколько лет твоему брату? - Ему 30 лет. 7) Они сейчас на отдыхе. 8) Мой отец - интересный человек. 9) Этот свитер дорогой? - Нет, он довольно дешевый. 10) Я очень хочу пить.

II. Местоимения (Pronouns)

личные (personal)		притяжательные (possessive) чей?		возвратные (reflexive) (себя)
именительный падеж кто? что?	объектный падеж кому? кого? чему? что?	+ n	Абсолютная форма n
I	me	my	mine	myself
you	you	your	yours	yourself yourselves (мн.ч.)
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	her	hers	herself
it	it	its	its	itself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
they	them	their	theirs	themselves

Примечание. Местоимение “it” употребляется для обозначения животных, если говорящему неизвестен пол животного. Местоимения “she” и “he” употребляются соответственно для обозначения особей женского и мужского пола.

• Указательные местоимения (Demonstrative Pronouns)

единственное число	множественное число
this	these
that	those

Примеры:

I have got a sister. Her name is Betsy. She is only two. I love her very much and I look after her. I like to play with her in the evenings.

This is my bag. - This bag is mine. Is this her bike? Yes, it's hers.

I can do it myself! Don't cut yourself.

Упражнение 18.

a) Замените выделенные слова cooтветствующими местоимениями в именительном или объектном падеже:

1) My uncle lives near his colleagues. 2) Shirley likes pancakes. 3) This gift is for my mother. 4) Do you want to play with Matt and me? 5) My parents and I often visit you and Ben. 6) Grace is afraid of cockroaches. 7) Is this book for you and Ann? 8) Тоm doesn't go to parties with his friends. 9) Alex has got a car. 10) These trousers belong to Alice.

b) Заполните пропуски cooтветствующими местоимениями в объектном падеже:

1) Rachel has got a new dress. She made ... herself. 2) Do you know Mr Jones? Yes, I work with ... at the university. 3) Wait! I want to talk to ... 4) This news is good, I am glad to hear ... 5) I can't find my shoes. I don't remember where I put ... 6) I've got a dog, Jerry, I love ... and I look after ... with pleasure. 7) Look at ...! They are acrobats. 8) Don't play tricks on ..., I can't stand it. 9) I haven't met this girl before, could you introduce me to ...? 10) My aunt leaves her pets with ... when she goes away.

Упражнение 19.

a) Вместо пропуска поставьте соответствующее притяжательное местоимение:

1) This is Mr Alsop. And this is ... wife. 2) This is Jerry. And they are ... friends. 3) My name is Sue. And this is ... sister. 4) They are Liz and Max. And they are ... parents. 5) This is my dog, Betsy. And that is ... toy. 6) This is a girl. And this is ... doll. 7) We are Oscar and Harry. This is ... car. 8) I have a sister. ... name is Helen. 9) This is Bill. And this is ... friend. 10) They are Andrew and Mallory. And this is ... son.

b) Заполните пропуски соответствующими притяжательными местоимениями и предложенными словами:

honeymoon, grandparents, money, umbrella, girlfriend, bags, bedroom, friends, niece, camera, marks

Пример:

We study very well and … are always good. - We study very well and our marks are always good.

1) Irene lives in a flat, but ... live in a house in the country. 2) My Granny has got a comfortable flat and ... is a large light room. 3) I have got the wallet, but where is ...? 4) My aunt's daughter is ... . 5) Wendy and Kyle are in Florida for ... 6) It's raining, can you give me ...? 7) ... often invite us to their place for dinner. 8) Help your brothers (to) carry ..., they are very heavy. 9) Where is …? I would like to photograph these flowers. 10) Do you know …? She is very nice.

c) Перепишите предложения, используя абсолютные формы притяжательных местоимений:

Пример:

This is their car. – This car is theirs.

1) It's my suncream. 2) It is his bike. 3) They are her running shoes. 4) This is our house. 5) It's their car. 6) They are my notebooks. Where are your notebooks? 7) It's his money. 8) This is my uniform. 9) This is her bag. 10) They are our bags.

d) Выберите нужную форму местоимения:

1) Whose is this car? It's my/mine. 2) It's not my/mine notepad. It's your/yours. 3) Andy, is that key your/yours? - Yes, it's my/mine, thanks. 4) It's not our/ours house. It is their/theirs. 5) The girl is my/mine sister. Her/Hers name is Nelly. 6) This is her/hers camera. Where is your/yours? 7) Whose is this teddy bear? It's her/hers. 8) Is this your typewriter? No, it's not my/mine. 9) Is this our/ours ball? Yes, this ball is our/ours. 10) Whose is this coat? It's her/hers.

Упражнение 20.

а) Заполните пропуски нужными возвратными местоимениями:

1) Young people usually enjoy ... at parties. 2) I always design my dresses ... 3) Let me introduce ... 4) Jill paints beautiful landscapes ... 5) He seldom does his work ... 6) My friends and I decorate the rooms in my house ... 7) Have a nice journey and take care of .… 8) If you want some more tea help .... 9) You can teach ... how to use a computer. 10) Don't hurt ... while skiing.

b) Дополните предложения соответствующими личными местоимениями:

1) ... can see myself in the mirror. 2) ... need the money ourselves. 3) ... likes to dress herself in blue. 4) ... sometimes talks to himself. 5) ... call themselves bilingual. 6) ... like myself. 7) ... can be proud of yourselves. 8) ... can't open the can herself, could you help her? 9) ... enjoy doing this work ourselves. 10) I don't think ... wants to do the shopping himself.