- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
Much and many are usually used in questions and negatives. We use a lot (of) in positive sentences both with countable and uncountable nouns.
E.g. How much does it cost?
I don’t have much money.
I have got a lot of books.
Many is used with countable nouns, much is used with uncountable nouns.
E.g. many books
much money
Little means a small amount, it is used with uncountable nouns.
Few means a small number, it is used with countable nouns in the plural.
E.g. We have got little bread.
It was very late so there few people in the street.
Both little and few have a negative meaning – they mean not enough.
A little and a few have a positive meaning – they mean some but not much (many).
E.g. He has saved a little money and can go on a short holiday.
He has a few friends who call to see him very often.
Much, a lot, little, a little follow the verbs they are used with.
E.g. It snowed a little yesterday.
He doesn’t read much.
Ex. 1. Use much, many with the following nouns:
… people
… salt
… time
… times
… newspapers
… cities
… money
… tables
… students
… information
… children
… news
… pounds
… streets
… advice
… accommodation
… relatives
… pleasure
… hair
… ice-cream
… grapes
… women
23. … potatoes
24. … water
25. ….traffic
Ex. 2. Insert much, many, a lot (of).
I haven’t got … time today.
Please, don’t make so … noise.
Are there … rooms in your flat?
There isn’t … paper in the drawer.
My sister spends … money on her clothes.
I have so … things to do that I don’t know which to do first.
Last week there was so … rain that I couldn’t go out.
At our lessons we speak English … .
He is a very sociable person. He has got … friends.
She plays tennis … on Sundays.
He hasn’t got … information about it.
She eats … that’s why she is overweight.
My friend doesn’t work very …
Do you have … friends in Moscow?
How … time do you spend watching TV?
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions giving full answers.
Are there many new words in this exercise?
Is there much furniture in your flat?
Is there much work to do today?
Are there many people in the room?
Is there much meat in the fridge?
Are there many tables in the room?
Was there much snow last winter?
Do you speak on the phone much or little?
Ex. 4. Insert little, few.
… people smoke in Europe these days.
We must hurry up. There is … time.
He leads a lonely life. He has got … friends.
I drink … tea in the morning.
Our company receives … mail.
He usually receives … letters.
My friend goes out … at the week-end.
… towns have such old trees.
You rest too … .
He has … books on this subject.
There is … information on this problem.
… people visit this cinema. It is not very popular.
She knows so …
I can’t say he earns very …
Ex. 5. Insert a few, a little.
I have got … pictures in my room, but not many.
There is … bread in the cupboard.
There are … books on the table, but there are no magazines there.
I have … money in my pocket.
If you think … you will find the answer.
I have just … pictures but they all are very good.
I’m on a diet, so I’ll have … salad leaves.
It has been … years since we met.
Do you understand Spanish? Yes, … .
Ex. 6. Translate the sentences into English.
Я прочитал мало книг по экономике.
Он дал вам много информации по этому вопросу? – Нет, очень мало.
На обеде вчера было немного гостей.
Я хотел бы задать вам несколько вопросов.
Добавить вам молока в чай? – Да, пожалуйста, немного.
Я трачу мало времени на домашние дела.
На улицах нашего города очень большое движение.
У Фреда мало родственников.
Я знаю только несколько слов по-итальянски.
Он знает мало людей в этом городе.
Вчера мы потратили много денег.
Вы пьете много или мало кофе каждый день?
Ее отец умер несколько лет назад.
В этот город приезжает много туристов?
Прошлой зимой было очень мало снега.