12. Past Perfect

	I, WE, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY
Positive	I had done the work.
Negative	I hadn’t done the work.
Questions	Had you done the work? Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t. What had you done?

We use the Past Perfect tense to show that one action happened before another in the past, and that the first action finished before the second action started.

E.g. When I got home, my sister had already gone to the concert.

The signals of Past Perfect may be an adverbial phrase with preposition – by or another past action.

E.g. : By that time I had already left London.

Ex. 1. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. It had stopped raining and the air was fresh.

2. We had translated the text by 6 o’clock.

3. We sent him a telegram yesterday as we hadn’t received any letters from him for a long time.

4. I had finished my work before he returned.

5. At last she showed me the letters he had written.

6. Ann was sure that he had never lied to her before.

7. By the end of the week we had done half of the work.

8. She had been ill for two days when we learned about it.

9. He knew that in her childhood she had lived in Paris.

10. Jack chose the hotel. He had never been there before but he had heard much about it.

Ex. 2. Make the sentences interrogative (yes/no questions).

1. He had washed his hands before he sat down to dinner.

2. She felt ill after she had eaten all the ice-cream.

3. The students had finished translating the article by 5 o’clock.

4. The watch-maker hadn’t cleaned my watch by the time I came.

5. I had already returned home when my friend called me.

6. She had studied English before she entered the University.

7. They had improved their knowledge of English by the end of the year.

8. After the sun had set, we decided to return home.

Ex. 3. Put the verb into the correct form: Past Perfect or Past Simple.

1. He (re-read) what he (write).

2. I was going round to see Jane after dinner. I (arrange) this visit the day before.

3. He quite (forget) that she (be divorced) for two years.

4. I (call) at nine and the man (say) that she (go out) about an hour before.

5. She (be sure) that he (tell) her the truth to her before.

6. When my brother (come) I already (have) lunch.

7. By 2 o’clock we (pack) all the things.

8. The teacher (see) at once that the students (do) the test.

9. After Sam (pay) the bill, we (leave) the restaurant and (go) home.

10. My sister (feel) very nervous on the plane because she (not to fly) before.

11. When he (look) out of the window it (start) snowing.

12. By the end of the year she (learn) a lot of words in Spanish.

Ex. 4. Translate into English.

1. Вы уже пообедали, когда он позвонил Вам?

2. После того, как ее семья переехала в Лондон, она поступила в университет.

3. Ветер прекратился, а дождь все еще шел.

4. Мэри нашла старую шляпу и стала ее примерять.

5. После того, как они выпили кофе, Мэг пригласила его осмотреть дом.

6. Дети были очень взволнованы, потому что никогда раньше не летали на самолете.

7. Днем он потерял все деньги, которые выиграл утром.

8. К тому времени, когда приехала полиция, преступник сбежал.

9. Фильм закончился к 9 часам.

10. К тому времени, как Джордж вернулся, он заработал достаточно денег, чтобы купить дом.

11. Когда они ушли, он начал писать письмо.

12. Я закончил работу прежде, чем он возвратился.