Vocabulary

1. achieve (v) – достигать, добиваться

E.g. He achieved his aim. – Он достиг своей цели.

achievement (n, C) - достижение

2. approach (n, C) – подход, метод

E.g. You must find the right approach to the problem. – Вам надо найти правильный подход к проблеме.

3. bargain (v) –заключить сделку, торговаться

bargain (n, C) – сделка

It is a bargain! – Это удачная покупка!

to make a bargain with smb. – заключить сделку с кем-л.

4. concession (n, C) – уступка

E.g. As a special concession they gave us a 7% discount. – В качестве особой уступки они дали нам 7% скидку.

to make concessions on both sides – пойти на взаимные уступки

5. conclude (v) – завершать, заключать

to conclude negotiations – завершить переговоры

to conclude a bargain – заключить сделку

6. conduct (v) – проводить

to conduct negotiations – проводить переговоры

to conduct an investigation – проводить исследование

7. derive (v) – извлекать, получать

to derive benefit from smth. – извлекать пользу из чего-л.

8. explore (v) – исследовать, изучать

to explore a problem – изучить вопрос

9. frustrate (v) – расстраивать, нарушать

E.g. My plans have been frustrated. – Мои планы были нарушены.

to be frustrated by smb., smth. – быть расстроенным кем-л., чем-л.

10. identify (v) – определять, идентифицировать

to identify a market – найти подходящий рынок

11. incentive (n, C) – стимул

E.g. They are going to pay us a bonus as an incentive. – Они собираются выплатить нам премию в качестве стимула.

12. mention (v) – упоминать

the above-mentioned factor – вышеупомянутый фактор

13. negotiate (v) – вести переговоры, обсуждать

E.g. They are negotiating the contract terms now. – Сейчас они обсуждают условия контракта.

negotiations (n, C) – переговоры

E.g. The negotiations were successful. – Переговоры были успешными.

14. objective (n, C) – цель

E.g. What is the objective of your research? - Какова цель Вашего исследования?

15. option (n, C) – выбор, вариант

E.g. I have no option. – У меня нет выбора.

E.g. There are two options to solve this problem. – Есть два варианта решения этой проблемы.

16. seek (sought, sought) (v) – искать

E.g. The partners are seeking the best options. – Партнеры ищут лучшие варианты.

Unit 13

Grammar: Complex Object, Complex Subject, so/such

Reading: Interpersonal Conflict and Effective Communication

Conflicts occur at all levels of interaction – at work, among friends, within families and between business partners. Conflict can make you so upset and hostile that it may bring the relationship to an end. If it is managed well, however, conflict can be productive – leading to deeper understanding and mutual respect. If you want the relationship to be healthy you should know how the conflicts are resolved.

People are known to adopt a number of different styles in facing conflict. First, it is so common to see a person avoid or deny the existence of conflict. In fact, during interaction between the participants it creates the potential for further tension. A second response style is observed when one person gets furious and wants the other person to take the blame. Such a case occurs when a person mistakenly presumes conflict to be the manifestation of anger. Such a position is believed to increase the disagreement between the two participants. Some people try to resolve conflict by using power and influence to win at the other’s expense. They need the conflict to break out as it lets their competitive instinct come out, but the conflict is not really resolved as the “loser” will keep resentment. The following communication techniques are believed to be effective in reducing the conflict:

Empathy: Try to put yourself into the shoes of the other person. Empathy is an important listening technique which gives the other the feeling that he or she is heard. There are two forms of empathy. Thought Empathy gives the message that you understand what the other is trying to say. You can do this in conversation by paraphrasing the words of the other person. For example, “I understand you say that your trust in me has been broken.” Feeling Empathy is when you show you understand how the other person probably feels. You may say: “I guess you probably feel so angry with me right now.”

Exploration: Let the other party talk fully about what is on their minds. For example, “Are there any other thoughts that you want me to share with?”

Using “I” Statements: Take responsibility for your own thoughts. For example, “I feel pretty upset about such misunderstanding.” This statement is much more effective than saying, “You have made me feel so upset!”

Acceptance and respect: Find positive things to say about the other person, even if the other is angry with you. For example, “I really respect you for having courage to make me address this issue. I appreciate your strength and your sense of responsibility.”

The so-called IDEA tactic is thought to be effective in conflict-free problem solving:

Identify the Problem. The goal at this stage is to say what you want and to listen to what the other person wants. Define the things that you both agree on, as well as the ideas that have caused the disagreement.

Develop Several Possible Solutions. This is the brainstorming phase. Generate a list of as many ideas as you can for solving the problem, no matter how feasible they might be.

Evaluate These Alternative Solutions and Decide on the Best. Consider the pros and cons of the solutions until the list is narrowed down to one or two of the best ones. These solutions may involve compromise.

Activate the Solution. It is important to agree on the details of what each party is expected to do, who is held responsible for implementing different parts of the agreement.

Conflict resolution is understood as continuous work in progress, so let the results of this work be mutually beneficial to both parties leaving no one frustrated.