Question 34: Modern History: 9/11. Iraq War

Plan:

• Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm).

• Bill Clinton’s election

• Islamist Terrorism. Al-Qaida

• Iraq (The regime of Saddam Hussein) vs Kurdish minority and Shiite Arab population

• US attacks Afghanistan and Sudan (August 1998)

• 1998, President Clinton signed the Iraq Liberation Act

9/11

19 extremists hijacked four transcontinental airliners and intentionally crashed two of them into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and one into the Pentagon. The passengers on the fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, revolted causing the plane to crash into a field in Somerset County, PA. According to the 9/11 Commission Report, that plane was intended to hit the US Capitol Building in Washington

Iraq War

In response to the attacks, under the administration of President George W. Bush, the United States launched Operation Enduring Freedom which overthrew the Taliban regime which had protected and harbored bin Laden and al-Qaeda.

The reasons cited by the Bush administration for the invasion included

• the spreading of democracy,

• the elimination of weapons of mass destruction

• the liberation of the Iraqi people.

On November 4, 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected president of the United States.

Question 35: Population: General overview. Immigrants

Plan:

- "a nation of immigrants"

-By the time American independence was declared in 1776, two-fifths of all settlers were of non-English origin.

-Today the great majority of the inhabitants are of European origin.

-Minorities – Hispanics (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban), African-American population, Asian ppl

-A third of Native Americans lived on reservations

-African Americans

The first slaves were brought to Virginia on board a Dutch ship in 1619

In 1776 probably about one fifth of all inhabitants in the British colonies in America were Negro slaves.

500,000 of Africans were brought over as slaves between 1619 and 1808.

The process of ending slavery began in April 1861 with the outbreak of the American Civil War

Segregation – Ghettos. Dr. Martin Luther King

Current status

Statistics

The population of the US is the 3 largest in the world (after China and India).

The United States is an urbanized nation, with 80.8% of its population of 305,186,613 California and Texas currently the most populous states.

Immigration

1.Pre-Columbian

2.European explorations

3. After the War of Independence period. Slavery

4. XXth century

5. Modern time. Mexican border

Question 36: Population: Native Population

Plan:

1.Pre-Columbian - a migration via Beringia.

2. European explorations – “Noble Savage”. Reintroduction of horses

Decline:

- epidemic diseases brought from Europe along with violence

- displacement from their lands;

-internal warfare,

-enslavement; and

-a high rate of intermarriage.

Breakdowns in Native American societies and disrupted generational exchanges of culture.

George Washington and Henry Knox :

1. impartial justice toward Native Americans 2. regulated buying of Native American lands 3. promotion of commerce 4. promotion of experiments to civilize or improve Native American society 5. presidential authority to give presents 6. punishing those who violated Native American rights.

Boarding schools.

4.The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans.

5.“Manifest Destiny” and "Indian Removal"

6. Removals and reservations

7. Current status

There are 561 federally recognized tribal governments in the United States. These tribes possess the right --to form their own government

According to 2003 United States Census Bureau estimates, a little over one third of the 2,786,652 Native Americans in the United States live in three states: California, Arizona, Oklahoma

As of 2000, the largest tribes in the U.S. by population were Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw, Sioux, Chippewa, Apache, Blackfeet, Iroquois, and Pueblo.