11-12) Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues relating to marketing products and services. The goal of marketing research is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behavior.

Marketing research

by target market

by methodological approach

Consumer marketing research

Business-to-business (B2B) marketing research

Qualitative marketing research

Quantitative marketing research

Market research should answer the number of questions:

• how customers see the company and its product

• how the market is changing and how people spend the money

• the standards and the features the public expects from a product

• what price they will pay

• how people react to the new product

Market research
Field research	Desk research

11. Field Research

Field research (also known field study) is the collection of raw data in natural settings. The term is mainly used in the natural and social sciences studies, such as in anthropology, folkloristics, archaeology, biology. The term "field research", is also used by many industries as a generic reference to collecting or creating new information outside of a laboratory or typical workplace.

Field research is less technically known as field work, a term originating in farm and plantation labor. In survey research, field work refers to face-to-face or telephone interviewing. Field work can also include methods such as sociometry.

The interviewing or observation of people to learn their languages, folklore, and social structures constitutes field work. Participant observation, data collection, and survey research are examples of field research, in contrast to what is often called experimental or lab research.

12.Desk Research

Desk Research is the research technique which is mainly acquired by sitting at a desk. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources. It is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. However, it could also be a complete waste of time and money if the researcher does not have the proper knowledge of how the research in performed.

Desk research is very effective and can be conducted in starting phase of market research as it is quite quick and cheap.

There are basically two types of desk research techniques:

Internal Desk Research - Internal desk research can be treated as the most reasonable starting point of research for any organization. Much information could be generated internally within the organization as a course of normal process. Information indicates what type of products are sold, in how much quantity and at what cost, sold to which type of customers including their geographical location and so on. The main advantage here in performing internal desk research is that it involves internal and existing organizational resources to organize the collected data in such a way that it is not only efficient but also usable. Internal desk research is comparatively very cheap and effective.

External Desk Research

External Desk Research involves research done outside the organizational boundaries and collecting relevant information. These outside resources are described below:

Online Desk Research

There is incredible amount of data available online on internet. You can directly browse the specific information from industrial, marketing or business sites and extracting the information out of these sites.

Government published data

Government usually publishes a great extent of data online that can be used in the research process. This data is related to social, financial and economical aspects. The government websites are mostly free to access and contains most prominent information.

Customer desk research

One of the best and most prominent ways of extracting information for research is directly communicating with existing or potential customer.

5. Inflation

Inflation reflects a destruction in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy. It also means raise in prices. The inflation has positive and negative influence on economics development.

Positive effects include ensuring central banks can adjust nominal interest rates (intended to mitigate recessions), and encouraging investment in non-monetary capital projects

Negative effects of inflation include a decrease in the real value of money and other monetary items over time, uncertainty over future inflation may discourage investment and savings, and high inflation may lead to shortages of goods if consumers begin panic that prices will increase in the future

There are such types of inflation:

Creeping inflation is the process of prices’ increasing less than 10% per year

Galloping inflation is the process of prices’ increasing from 10 to 50% per year

Hyper inflation is increasing prices in many times

15. Career objectives

One of the most important aspects of the resume is the career objectives that are inserted by the professional. This gives the reader a quick idea as to what the professional is seeking. With this, the reader can make a quick decision as to whether the company can really provide what the professional is seeking. There are some tips for writing career objectives:

• be open about what you expect from the working relationship from the very beginning.

• the career objectives paragraph should be written in a style and language that comply with the rest of the resume.

• you should be truthful and honest in writing down what you want and what you seek.

• it should be in line with the job that you have applied for. For example, if you have applied for a job in an IT company, you should make sure that your career objectives reflect that you have taken academic degrees and have always wanted to pursue a career in the IT field.

Examples of career objectives:

“To build a long-term career in ‘your profession’ with opportunities for career growth”

“To keep up with the cutting edge of technologies”

“To use my skills in the best possible way for achieving the company’s goals”

“To solve problems in an effective/creative manner in a challenging position”