- •192. IVanslate the following terminological combinations into Russian.
- •193. Put down the corresponding verb. Translate the words.
- •194. A) Read the following combinations. Translate them from Russian.
- •196. Which of the given words are verbs? adjectives?
- •Put down and translate the corresponding verbs.
- •A) Read the terminological combinations. IVanslate them from Russian.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •IVanslate the extract in writing. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Giw the Russian for:
- •204. Translate the following extract in writing. Use a dictionary if necessary-.
- •Read the examples given in the table.
- •How can one keep water away from the wall?
- •206. Read the following combinations. Translate them from Russian.
- •Put down the corresponding adjective.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •209. Read the terminological combinations. IVanslate them from Russian.
- •Choose and put down the proper attributes to the nouns given below.
- •212. Translate the examples into Russian.
- •213. Translate the following sentences in writing.
- •Master the head words.
- •215. Read the terminological combinations. IVanslate them from Russian.
- •A) Add prefix ле-; translate the words.
- •Distribute the words into three columns: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
- •A) Form the corresponding adjectives. IVanslate the words.
- •Choose the proper preposition and fill it in.
- •226. Choose and put down a) the English terms corresponding to the given b) Russian ones.
- •Give the English for:
- •227. A) Name the terminological combinations with the opposite meaning.
- •228. Read and translate the following questions.
- •Read the terminological combinations. Translate them from Russian.
- •Find the Russian terms b) corresponding to the English ones a).
- •Choose the English sentences b) corresponding to the given Russian ones a).
- •232. Put down a) the corresponding adjective; b) the corresponding verb.
- •233. A) Read the examples, ihinslatc them from Russian.
- •235. A) Read the given sentences. Try
- •234. Connect the English terminological combinations with the corresponding Russian ones.
- •Read the combinations. Translate them from Russian.
- •Give the Russian for:
- •Combine the given attributes a) with the nouns b) and form the English combinations corresponding to the given Russian ones c).
- •Read the following terminological combinations, Translate them from Russian.
- •Translate the following combinations.
- •243. Translate fhe following questions and answer them.
- •244. Translate the following extract. Mind the "small words".
- •245. Use the proper "small words". Translate the Russian words given in brackets into English. Fill in the necessary prepositions.
- •Wood has been used (как, в качестве) a construction
- •The Meanings of "One" • Значения местоимения "One"
- •246. Translate the following examples in writing.
- •247. Thinslatc the given participles in writing. Translate them hack Ггот Russian into English.
- •248. What is the meaning of the following constructions? Mind the Jhirticiples.
- •249. In the given examples the verb "to be" lias different meanings. What are they?
- •Формальные признаки сказуемого
- •Change the sentences into questions.
- •Put down the tense forms of the verbs.
- •Copy the following sentences. Underline the predicates (ones in the Passive Voice with two lines). IVanslate the sentences into Russian.
- •250. State tlie voice and the tense form of the following verbs.
- •254. Compare the English terms with the corresponding Russian ones. Mind the structural differences. Cover the left column. Translate the Russian terms back into English.
- •255. Connect (lie English termiiwlogiail combinations with the corresponding Russian ones.
- •256. Add the prefixes to the words. Translate the new words.
- •Read the terminological combinations. Translate them from Russian into English.
- •Choose the proper attributes (a) and form the English combinations (b) corresponding to the Russian ones (c).
- •IVanslate the following combinations into Russian.
- •A) Change the terminological word combinations according to the model.
- •261. Ihtnslate the extract given below in writing.
- •Attributive Word Combinations • Атрибутивные сочетания
- •262. Give the Russian equivalents of the following attributive combinations.
- •263. Ihmslate (he article. Mind the attributive complexes. Read the word combinations.
- •Hie Shanghai Newly-Built Stadium
- •264. Insert commas where necessary.
- •The below-ground part of a building.
- •A wood panel composed of a number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.
- •A framing member that runs up and down the slope of a pitched roof.
- •1. Fuel economy
- •3. Concrete (a bit of history)
- •4. Climatic and weather conditions
- •5. Cladding
- •6. Communication systems
- •7. Doors
- •8. Francois hennebique (1842-1921), reinforced concrete pioneer 1
- •23. Form the new words according to the model.
- •1Does wood as a structural material have only advantages? If not, what
- •Bone-shaped wires strengthen concrete
- •0 Finisher-аппретурщик finishing - отделка
- •Installations placed above the ceiling
262. Give the Russian equivalents of the following attributive combinations.
1. project director project manager project-development engineer key-decision makers
water heater water engineer water addition water-cooled construction
waste pipe waste elimination waste utilization
wood industry wood structure wood coverings wood fastenings wood burner
nail factory nail head naiiable wall nail-making machine
environmental protection Environmental Protection Agency Clean W\ ter Act
long term plan
new pollution control facilities civil and environmental engineering
service life reconstruction project multistory building watering facilities
weather problems asphalt layers unpaved roads highway construction roadway service life traditional highway construction
practical environmental innovations in the highway construction industry
technical breadth and depth surface storage strengthening high-density pipe manufacturing pipe storage area repair
glass-fibre reinforced concrete steadily growing cement industry steadily continuing industry consolidation
practically realized environmental innovations in the industry newly constructed multistory reinforced concrete buildings
reinforced concrete structure carbon fiber reinforcement grids wireless communication towers steel-framed structures
construction technology preconstruction stage construction defects reuse in road construction
large-scale projects standard steel sections civil engineering courses building crafts supplementary course
large-scale developments purpose-made panel doors service-pipe isolation valve aluminum roofing system
predcsign tests epoxy-coated reinforcement computer-connected lighting towers design-built project
anti-icer liquid freeze/thaw cycles
water-supply engineers long-term erosion protection environment-safe coating for corrosion protection
263. Ihmslate (he article. Mind the attributive complexes. Read the word combinations.
cantilever bridge - консольный мост cantilever girder - консольная балка cantilever truss - сквозная консольная форма
Hie Shanghai Newly-Built Stadium
Like large umbrellas over the heads of 80,000 spectators, 57 flying mast cable and fabric panel systems fly over the Shanghai stadium. Com
pleted in October 1997, the stadium cost $200 million and is topped by a $5 million.
The 28,000 m2 of fabric roof nests on 32 steel cantilever trusses that span 21 to 73.5 m, some ofthe longest in the world. The trapezoidal fabric panels inserted between the trusses are supported by a mast and cables to provide light weight roof.
The trusses are interconnected and stabilized by three rings of steel space trusses. Depending on the length ofthe trusses, the bays between them consist of one to three fabric panels. The highest point ofthe roof is 62.5 m; the lowest 31.8 m.
The irregular shape ofthe roof system required a complex design for the canopy. The designers used numerous computer graphics before completing the structure. The panels are madeofTeflon-coated fibre-glass membrane. They have been produced at the manufacturing plant. The installation of the panels took only eight weeks, six weeks less than it had been planned.
The Shanghai Institute of Architectural Design and Research designed the stadium. The concrete superstructure consists of an underground athletic center and 1,600-space parking garage, a 150.000 nv event area, 120 luxury seating boxes, and a 280-room hotel. The building and roof were finished in about 20 months, with as many as 3,000 workers on-site at one time.
Punctuation Marks • Знаки препинания
Правила постановки запятых в английском языке отличаются от этих правил в русском языке.
Запятая ставится:
I) для выделения вводных элементов предложения:
Fig,
7.
China's first long-span fabric roof sits atop Shanghai stadium,
which uses some ofthe world's longest cantilevered trusses
для отделения самостоятельного причастного оборота:
New plastic materials being widely used, their characteristics are being constancy improved.
для выделения придаточных предложений, если они сообщают дополнительные сведения или служат пояснением к главной мысли:
The work of the engineer, who designs a project, and the constructor, who builds it, have the same goal - to serve the purpose for which it is built.
после обстоятельственного причастного оборота в начале предложения:
When tested, the motor broke down.
перед словом which, если оно относи тся не к одному слову, а к предыдущей части предложения:
New plastic materials had been produced, which led to producing new types of isolation.
однородные члены предложения отделяются друг от друга запятой. Перед завершающим перечисление союзом and часто также ставится запятая:
Modern houses are built of wood, brick, stone, concrete, and plastic.
обстоятельство цели, стоящее в начале предложения, отделяется запятой:
То finish the bridge on time, engineers worked on the project almost 24 hours a day.
Запятая не ставится:
перед придаточными предложениями:
Devices are classed according to the use they are designed for. Fijitsu transmission systems (Japan) can carry information very effectively. It is done by transmission systems which get it across the city and into the houses.
перед союзами but, because, provided, as, since ...: Carbon fiber lasts longer than rebar because it does not corrode.