The automatic control system

Automatic control now appears in many fields and involves many control instruments and apparatus. Their usage embraces a great variety of machines, plants and processes.

Automatic systems take several forms and are based on several different techniques, but in each the measurement and correction of errors are performed and co-ordinated by electronic devices and the human operator does not take an active part in It,

First of all automatic control was widely established in such industries as chemical, petroleum, iron and steel, cement, paper, textile, printing, food arid others. The overall trend now is toward a total automatic control in industry with the help of new generations of electronic devices with their rapidity, accurateness, reliability, flexibility and compactness.

Our country has many thousands of comprehensively mechanized and automated enterprises and workshops. The mechanized and automated production lines replace or lighten the work of a tremendous number of workers. All the hydropower plants in the country have been completely automated.

The present day stage of automation is based on the revolution in computer technology, in computerization of the whole national economy.

But still much research work is to be done to perfect the system, it is essential to improve the quality of automation equipment as well as the programmers of the computers. A major problem is to better automate inspection, quality control, information system. For automatic three-dimensional recognition the system ( size, shape and color) the problem still remains of greatest concern. With the increase of automation the scientist must solve the problem of complex interaction groups of sensors tied together by a single system of computer network. The development of new flexible technologies arid sociological problems involves need, of course, a new approach too,

Grammar and Lexical Exercises

/. Answer the following questions on the text:

1. What different techniques are automatic systems based on?

2. In what industries was automatic control widely established?

3. What are characteristics of new generations of electronic devices?

4. How do the mechanized production lines lighten the work of workers?

5. What is the present day stage of automation?

6. Why is much research work to be done to perfect the system?

7. How must the scientist solve the problem of complex interaction groups of sensors?

8. Does the development of new flexible technologies and sociological problem involve a new approach?

//. Put the words in brackets in the correct tense form, state the type of Predicates and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Automatic control just (appear) in many fields.

2. Automatic systems (take) several forms some years ago.

3. Human operator (take an active part) in it tomorrow.

4. Electronic devices (perform) the measurement and correction of errors now.

5. Engineers (establish) automatic control in this enterprise by the end of the week,

6. All the hydropower plants completely (automate) several years ago.

///. Translate into Ukrainian and state the part of speech of the following words:

Automate-automated-automatic-automation; technical-technician-technics-technique-technologist-technology; measure-measured-measureless-measurer-measurement-rneasuring; compute-computer-computerization-computerize-computing; accurate-accurately-accurateness; appear-appearance; use-usage-usable-used-useful-useless; correct-correction-corrective-correctly-corrector.