I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Complex Subject.

1. Industrial electronics is said to be a comparative newcomer to industrial plants.

2. Electronic equipments have been proved to save millions of man and machine hours. 3. Electronic devices are known to control the stream of electrons. 4. Vacuum tubes appear to perform such functions as: rectification, amplification, detection, modulation, and others. 5. The future is expected to bring a great many of new applications for semiconductors. 6. Experiments with special constructions of semiconductor diodes are reported to have been carried out. 7. Electronic equipments have been proved to do jobs better and more economically than other devices. 8. Vacuum tubes are considered to be indispensable in industrial control. 10. Electronic equipments are likely to find an ever growing application.

II. Translate the fallowing sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Subjective infinitive construction.

1. Electronics is known to be a young science. 2. The application of electronics in everyday life and industry has proved to increase enormously in the last few years.

3. Electronics is believed to begin when the valve was invented. 4. Electronic equipment is known to have already been applied at the beginning of the century. 5. Electronics is sure to find an ever growing application.

III. Translate the following word-combinations:

The new device to be introduced; the problem to be settled; material varied; the theory to be considered; connecting line; advanced student; tested method; remark made; general plan; the internal combustion engine; George Washington bridge bus terminal station; destroyed bridge; traveling passenger; traveled distance; money paid; the bridge to be constructed; translated article; reading student; the instrument to be used; current events; cylinder wall.

Task 1. Read and remember new words and word combinations:

Signify означати

What used to be called те, що звикли називати

Inspect уважно вивчати, старанно оглядати

Nothing else більш нічого

Versatile різнобічний, різносторонній

Figuring зображення

Other than крім

Ingenuity винахідливість, майстерність

Usefulness корисність, придатність

Capability здатність, здібність, можливість

Bring about призводити, спричинювати

The reason is twofold причина двояка

Relieve полегшувати, допомагати

Perform виконувати, здійснювати

Beyond за межами

Elaborated старанно розроблений

Concern турбота, відношення

Advance просуватися вперед, наступати

Scope можливість, простір

Range коливатися в певних межах

Arrange упорядкувати

What is automation

Automation may be said to be a modern term signifying the use of machines to do work that formely had to be done by people. What used to be called automation. The machine that automatically makes, inspects and packs 1,200 cigarettes a minute can do nothing else. It is a one - purpose machine as there are many of others. But the digital computer seems to be versatile and can be used as the brains for automating a wide variety of work where figuring, remembering and making logical choices are required. The computer proves to be only a very high-speed adding and subtracting machine. It is unlikely to be the thinking machine as it is sometimes called. Everything it does other than adding and subtracting is the result of man's ingenuity.

The design of newer equipment with greater usefulness and capabilities is said to be bringing about an ever increasing growth in the development of control equipment. The reason is twofold. Firstly automatic controls relieve man of many monotonous activities so that he can devote his abilities to other occupation. Secondly modern complex controls can perform functions which are beyond the physical abilities of man. For example an elaborated automatic control system operates the engine of a modern jet airplane with only a minimum amount of the pilot's attention, so that he is free to fly his airplane.

Mention should be made that the design and development of automatic control systems is a principal concern of an engineer. In recent years we know automatic control systems to have been rapidly advancing in importance in all fields of

engineering. The applications of control system are known to cover a very wide scope, ranging from the design of precision control devices such as sensitive instrument to the design of the equipment used for controlling the manufacture of steel or other industrial processes. New applications for arranging automatic controls are continually being discovered.

**I. Answer the following questions:

1. How may automation be defined?

2. How does the computer prove to be?

3. Is it a thinking machine?

4. Why does the design of newer equipment bring about growth in the develop­ment of control equipment?

5. What is automatic control system of modern jet airplane?

6. What is a principle concern of an engineer?

7. How do automatic controls relieve man of monotonous activities?

8. What applications of control system are known to cover?

*II. Match the following words from the text with their definitions.

1. versatile A. the quality of being exact and

careful

2. ingenuity B. the practical use of sth.

3. relieve C. difficult to understand

4. advance D. able to do many different things

5. precision E. able to measure very small changes;

reacting quickly to sth.

6. application F. to help sb by taking sth difficult from

them 7. sensitive G. to develop and improve knowledge,

technology; move forward

8. complex H. the ability to invent things or solve

problems in new ways