
- •5.05050311„Хімічне та нафтове машинобудування”
- •Розділ 1. Лексико-граматичні особливості науково-технічного перекладу.Огляд системи дієслівних часів. Комп’ютери у нашому житті.
- •Розділ 2. Роль науки в житті людини. Українські вчені
- •4.Розділ 4. Атом та його ядро. Ядра та частки. Герундій
- •Unit I. Word Formation. Simple Tenses. Everyday English and Technical English.
- •Variation, n
- •Word-building. Common prefixes. Common suffixes.
- •Word Combinations. Simple Tenses. Everyday English and Technical English.
- •1. Read aloud and memorize the following words:
- •2. Words and expressions for the text comprehension:
- •Everyday english and technical english
- •Passive
- •The neologisms. Continuous Tenses. Computers in our life.
- •Continuous Tenses Active
- •Passive
- •Computers in our life
- •The abbreviations. The use of Conjunction. Multifunctional words Perfect tenses. Computers in our Life.
- •The numeral. Perfect Continuous Tense. The Founder of Microsoft.
- •Lesson 7-9.
- •To sum up furthermore moreover secondly finally however
- •Дієприкметник (The Participle) Форми дієприкметника
- •Функції дієприкметника
- •The use of Participle I, Participle II
- •Einstein's triumph and tragedy
- •1. Read aloud and memorize the following words:
- •2. Words and expressions for the text comprehension!
- •Ukrainian names in world science
- •Ukrainian names in world science
- •Unit III Scientific progress and man. Electronics. Modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •Scientific progress and man
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Варіанти перекладу модальних дієслів у сполученні з Passive Infinitive та Perfect Infinitive.
- •Electricity and electronics
- •Grammer revision
- •Unit IV Man and Machines. Automatic Control Systems. Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions.
- •Man and machines
- •Forms of Infinitive Форми інфінітиву
- •Об'єктний інфінітивний зворот. Складний додаток.
- •Об'єктний інфінітивний зворот вживається після дієслів:
- •1) Active Voice:
- •2) Passive Voice:
- •I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Complex Subject.
- •II. Translate the fallowing sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Subjective infinitive construction.
- •III. Translate the following word-combinations:
- •What is automation
- •III. Identify whether the following statements are true or false.
- •IV. Complete the following sentences using words and expressions given below.
- •V. Find sentences with Infinitive Constructions (5) in the txt and write them down.
- •VI. Translate the following phrases from the text:
- •VII. Guess the meaning of international words.
- •VIII. Render from English info Ukrainian and title.
- •I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the functions of the Infinitive construction.
- •II. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the Subjective Infinitive Construction (Complex Subject).
- •III. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the meaning of the words in bold type.
- •IV. Define the Infinitive construction and translate the sentences into Ukrainian
- •The automatic control system
- •Grammar and Lexical Exercises
- •IV. Define the grammar forms of the following verbs:
- •VI. Render from English into Ukrainian About Automation
- •VII. Translate the following word combinations with the Participle I into Ukrainian.
- •Vi1i. Form the words according to the models and translate.
- •IX. Topic for Discussion. Prove that automatic control systems play an important part in the development of industries.
- •Unit V Atom and Its Nucleus. Nuclei and particles. Participle Constructions. Gerund.
- •Grammar and lexical exercises
- •Gerund Форми герундій
- •Переклад герундіальних зворотів
- •Exercises
- •Characteristics of Metals
- •VIII. Choose the words out of the right column to make up word-combinations.
- •Revision exercises
Варіанти перекладу модальних дієслів у сполученні з Passive Infinitive та Perfect Infinitive.
Найбільші труднощі виникають при перекладі сполучень модальних слів з Infinitive Passive і Perfect Infinitive.
Сполучення модального дієслова з Passive Infinitive означає, що підмет є об'єктом, на який спрямована дія, виражена інфінітивом. Підмет англійського речення перекладається на рідну мову додатком.
The process must be controlled. Процес необхідно контролювати.
The total number of ions in the chamber may then grow very quickly and each primary ionization may be followed by several thousand secondary ionizations. Загальна кількість іонів в камері може далі дуже швидко збільшуватися, і за кожною первинною іонізацією може проходити декілька тисяч вторинних іонізацій.
Сполучення модальних дієслів з Perfect Infinitive.
Модальні дієслова must, тау і might у сполученні з Perfect Infinitive виражають можливість чи ймовірність виконання дії в минулому і перекладаються за допомогою слів: можливо було.
This instrument may have been improved, because it became more accurate. Цей прилад, можливо, був удосконалений, тому що він став більш точним.
We now see that this point must have been the center of mass of the body. Ми тепер бачимо, що ця точка, можливо, була центром маси тіла.
Модальні дієслова сап і could у заперечній формі у сполученні з перфектним інфінітивом виражають сумнів у можливості завершення дії у минулому і перекладаються за допомогою не може бути.
Не cannot have shown this scientific work to a man he has known for such a short period of time. He може бути, щоб він показав цю наукову працю людині, яку він знав протягом такого короткого часу.
Не cannot have made such a serious mistake. He може бути, щоб він зробив таку серйозну помилку.
Модальні дієслова ought to, should, could, might у сполученні з перфектним інфінітивом вказують на те, що дія, яка могла і повинна була завершитись, не завершилась.
1. You could have done it more carefully. Вам слід було зробити це старанніше.
2. You should have changed the current strength at all points of the circuit. Вам слід було змінити силу струму в усіх точках кола.
**Task I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Modal Verbs with the Perfect Infinitive.
1 The earliest life forms ought to have appeared over three billion years ago. 2. Chance mutations may not always have been successful. 3. The tropical zone should have suffered most from the process of erosion. 4. The condensation theory proposes that the Sun could have formed from a large cloud of dust and gas. 5. The decay of radioactive elements ought to have heated the Earth until its internal temperature rose to about 7000 °С. 6. A generation ago it may have been restricted discussion of environmental modifications to fauna, flora and soil. 7. In nature genetic experiments must have been constantly carried out.
**Task II. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Modal Verbs with Perfect Infinitive.
1. Something must have happened to our TV set; it is out of repair. 2. Absolute accuracy cannot be expected with this kind of instrument; you should take the mean of several observations. 3. You should have tested the device more carefully considering its importance. 4. The pilot should have made use of radar in locating the position of the plane. 5. The operator ought to have known the radio fundamentals better. 6. The scope must have been out of order; that is why the data obtained were not displayed continuously. 7. The operator could have detected the target in time; somebody may have switched off the receiver. 8. The new device must have been broken by accident. 9- The instrument may have been improved, because it became more accurate.
**Task III. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Infinitive Passive Voice.
1. These substances can be used in agriculture. 2. The properties of this element must be described in detail. 3. These distances can be measured with great accuracy. 4. This phenomenon cannot be observed in nature. 5. This theorem can be easily proved. 6. A large number of experiments had to be made on electrons of the given speed. 7. It is to be assumed that the results obtained will influence greatly the development of this promising branch of physics. 8. Lectures in organic chemistry must be attended by all the students of chemical department. 9. A great number of experiments had to be made to obtain the required data.
**Task IV. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Modal Verbs with the Infinitive Passive Voice.
A 1. This material may not be used in space technology. 2. It should be noted that these processes cannot be automated. 3. It must not be said that he knows this subject well. 4. It has to be remembered that the machine cannot work at high speeds for a long time. 5. Many new materials had to be developed by the chemists. 6. Space exploration will have to be intensified in the future. 7. This production processes to be further advanced by new technical means.
В 1. Mention should be made that chemical resistance may be dependent on temperature. 2. These processes cannot be directly controlled by man. 3. Proper care must be taken to protect spaceships from solar radiation. 4. This temperature limit must not be exceeded if the original shape is to be maintained. 5. New machinery has to be installed to make this work safe.
Task V. Choose English equivalents of the following Ukrainian words:
Прогрес |
research knowledge advance air century scientist development branch substance particle |
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Розвиток |
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Століття |
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Галузь |
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Дослідження |
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Речовина |
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Повітря |
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Частинка |
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Знання |
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Вчений |
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Task VI. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations: |
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To apply |
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застосовувати |
To refer to |
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стосуватися, посилатися на |
Emphasize |
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підкреслювати |
Noticeable |
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помітний |
To separate |
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відокремлювати |
Tube |
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трубка, електронна лампа |
Electronics is not so much |
a new |
електроніка не стільки новий |
subject as a new way |
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предмет, скільки новий погляд |
effect |
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дія, вплив, ефект |
result (from) |
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бути результатом |
charge |
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заряд, заряджати |
ordinary |
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звичайний |
sound pictures |
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кіно |
owe |
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завдячувати |
incandescent lamp |
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лампа розжарювання |
valve |
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клапан, електронна лампа |
fulfilling |
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виконання |
welding |
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зварювання |
Task VII. Translate the following word-combinations:
Remarkable achievement, innumerable discoveries, electric currents, accumulation of electrons, ordinary electrical equipment, wireless communication, measuring devices, electrically operated, broad application, superhard materials, two-electrode detector.