Policing in the uk and the usa

Police forces in the United Kingdom are organised at the level of administrative districts. Certain departments of the Metropolitan Police operate throughout the country, including different branches. The new Serious Organised Crime Agency is also a national agency that works in all police areas. There are over 50 police forces in the United Kingdom.

The UK has a number of similar but independent police services. Most of these operate in defined territorial areas which are typically counties, groups of counties or larger metropolitan areas. The smallest geographical police force in the UK is the City of London force.

Policing in the United States is one of three major components of the criminal justice system, along with courts and corrections. In theory each component is independent in function and objectives from the others, although the courts have legal oversight of both. Apart from maintaining order and service functions, the purpose of policing is the investigation of suspected criminal activity and the referral of the results of investigations and of suspected criminals to the courts.

In the USA there are an estimated 17,784 law enforcement agencies, spread out across the federal, state, and local levels of government. Policing and law enforcement services are mainly the jurisdiction of local government with an estimated 12,666 local police agencies and 3,070 sheriff’s departments. Local police include county police, metropolitan police, city, and town police departments.

VIII. Перепишите вопросы и письменно ответьте на них.

1. What is the national agency in the UK?

2. What forces do the local police in the USA include?

3. What is the purpose of the US policing?

Вариант №4

I. Перепишите каждое предложение, выпишите глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. After the American Revolution the number of lawyers increased rapidly.

2. Partners own the law firm and are paid a share of the firm's profits.

3. Criminal cases had brought by a prosecutor.

4. Please be quiet. I am trying to concentrate.

5. The local law office was no longer open. It has closed down.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них инфинитив, определите функцию каждого из них, т.е. является ли он обстоятельством, определением, частью сказуемого и т.д. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The Speaker has full authority to make sure MPs follow the rules of the House during debates.

2. To smoke is bad for health.

3. We expected him to be late.

4. Please try to be quiet when you come into the courtroom.

5. He recommended to trial on indictment.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, преобразуйте их в страдательный залог, переедите предложения в страдательном залоге на русский язык.

1. Some states were not protecting the rights of their people and were putting people in prison for debts.

2. The article has concluded with some comments on the implications of the use of these legal texts.

3. At the end of the eighteenth century, American judges began to issue written opinions. 

4. Article II of the Constitution gives the President power to nominate justices.

5. The Corporation’s attorneys may advise the board of directors about contractual agreements.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них причастия (Participle I, Participle II), определите функцию каждого из них, т.е. является ли оно обстоятельством, определением, частью сказуемого и т.д. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The Leader chairs a number of Cabinet Committees, including the Ministerial Committee on Constitutional Affairs and the Legislative Programming Committee.

2. The UK Parliament has responsibility for checking the work of government and examining, debating and approving new laws.

3. Studying law in England and Wales is a life experience rather than simply gaining a law degree.

4. The world is becoming a global village and English is the language of communication.

5. Most of the lawyers do not command the high salaries associated with large national law firms.